The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology / by Arthur C. Aufderheide & Conrado Rodriguez-Martin ; including a dental chapter by Odin Langsjoen.

Preface
Acknowledgements
Part One: History of paleopathology
Introduction
Antecedent phase
Genesis of paleopathology
Interbellum consolidation phase
The new paleopathology
Part Two: Pseudopathology
Pseudopathology: Introduction
Soft tissue pseudopathology
Skeletal tissue pseudopaleopathology
Part Three: Traumatic conditions
Traumatic conditions
Skeletal evidence of trauma
Fracture
Skull fractures and crushing injuries
Vertebral and thoracic fractures
Dislocations
Traumatic myositis ossificans
Localized subperiosteal thickenings
Skeletal injuries by weapons
Decapitation
Strangulation
Amputation: the skeletal evidence
Amputation: the soft tissue (finger) evidence
Trephination
Cranial deformation
Cauterization
Bloodletting
Scalping
Crucifixion
Soft tissue injuries: inflicted by others
Lacerations and stab wounds
Sacrifice victims
Accidental injuries
Soft tissue injuries: mutilation
Introduction
Labrets
Nasal and earrings
Hair and nails
Circumcision
Tattoos and scarification
Purpose(s)
Part Four: Congenital anomalies
Congenital skeletal anomolies
Skull malformations
Craniosynostoses
Complex craniofacial deformities
Anencephaly
Microcephaly
Macrocephaly
Hydrocephalus
Congenital herniation of meninges and brain
Cleft palate (palatoschisis)
Enlarged parietal foramina (foramina parietalia permagna; Catlin Mark)
Congenital malformations of the spine
Atlas occipitalization (atlanto-occipital fusion; atlanto-occipital assimilation)
Basilar impression
Klippel-Feil syndrome
Jarcho-Levin syndrome of vertebral anomalies
Congenital absence of the odontoid process
Spina bifida
Butterfly vertebra
Anterior spina bifida
Incomplete segmentation of vertebral segments
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
Hemivertebrae
Sacrococcygeal agenesis
Sacral agenesis
Congenital absence of the pedicles.

Transitional vertebrae
Scoliosis
Congenital kyphosis
Congenital malformations of the thorax
Cervical ribs
Costal fusion
Other rib anomalies
Congenital malformations of the pelvis
Congenital dislocation of the hip
Extrophy of bladder and cleft pelvis
Aplasia and hypoplasia of the extremities
Failures in the development of a limb
Failures in the development of bones
Upper extremity malformations
Dysostosis cleidocranialis
Sprengel's deformity
Madelung's deformity
Congenital radio-ulnar synostosis
Congenital dislocation of the radius
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle
Carpal blocks
Lower extremity malformations
Developmental coxa vara
Genu recurvatum congenitum
Bipartite patella
Congenital angulation of the tibia
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia
Tibial-fibular synostosis
Tarsal blocks
Talipes equinovarus
Metatarsus varus congenitus
Talus verticalis congenitus
Malformations of fingers and toes
Adactyly
Syndactyly
Polydactyly
Symphalangism
Hyperphalangism
Part Five: Circulatory disorders
Aneurysms
Congenital aortic disease
Osteochondritis dissecans
Osteochondroses
Necrosis of the femoral head
Primary necrosis of the medial femoral condyle
Slipped femoral capital epiphysis
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Part Six: Joint diseases
Degenerative joint disease
Degenerative disease of the spine
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile chronic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
Psoriatic arthritis
Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis)
Enteropathic arthropathies
Traumatic arthritis
Nonspecific septic arthritis
Neurotrophic arthropathy
Gout
Definition and etiology
Ochronosis
Hemochromatosis
Definition
Genetic (primary, hereditary, idiopathic) hemochromatosis
Acquired hemochromatosis
Paleopathology
Part Seven: Infectious diseases.

Infectious Diseases: Introduction
Bacterial Infections
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Treponematosis
Osteomyelitis
Pneumonia
Salmonellosis
Brucellosis
Actinomycosis
Nocardiosis
Plague
Cholera
Gas gangrene
Lyme disease
Glanders
Tropical ulcer
Tropical ulcer
Ainhum
Virus Infections
Introduction
Smallpox
Measles
Rubella
Influenza
Poliomyelitis
Miscellaneous virus infections
Fungal Infections
Introduction
History of the fungal infections
Systemic mycoses
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Parasitic Infections
Introduction
Protozoan infections
Helminth infections
Part Eight: Diseases of the viscera
Diseases of the viscera: Introduction
Soft tissue lesions of the head and neck
Heart and pericardial diseases
Pulmonary diseases
Liver and biliary tract diseases
Gastrointestinal tract diseases
Urinary diseases
Genital diseases
Breast diseases
Dermatological diseases
Part Nine: Metabolic diseases
Vitamin D-related syndromes: rickets and osteomalacia
Scurvy
Osteoporosis
Intoxications
Fluorosis
Lead poisoning
Mercury poisoning
Arsenic poisoning
Mycotoxicosis
Part Ten: Endocrine disorders
Endocrine disorders: Introduction
The pituitary gland
The parathyroid glands
Disorders affecting gender expression
The thyroid
The adrenals
Diabetes mellitus
Part Eleven: Hematological disorders
Hematological disorders: Introduction
Disorders of red blood cells (anemias)
Disorders of white blood cells
Bleeding disorders
Part Twelve: Skeletal dysplasias
Skeletal dysplasias: Introduction
Growth defects of long bones and spine
Introduction
Achondroplasia
Chondrodysplasia punctata
Camptomelic Dysplasia
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Short-limbed dwarfism with prominent spine alterations
Congenital spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
Kniest dysplasia
Larsen's syndrome
Metaphyseal and diaphyseal disorders.

Diaphyseal aclasis
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Metatrophic dysplasia
Dystrophic dysplasia
Dyschondrosteosis
Chondroectodermal dysplasia
Developmental anomalies of cartilaginous and fibrous components of the skeleton
Dyschondroplasia
Disorders of diaphyseal density or metaphyseal remodeling
Osteopetrosis
Dysosteosclerosis
Pyknodysostosis
Infantile cortical hyperostosis
Diaphyseal dysplasia
Frontometaphyseal dysplasia
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia
Metaphyseal dysplasia
Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
Melorheostosis
Hyperphosphatasia
Hypophosphatasia
Collagen disorders leading to inappropriate mineralization
Introduction
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Osteopoikilosis
Osteopathia striata
Nail / Patella syndrome
Marfan's syndrome
Homocystinuria
Skeletal dysplasias due to chromosomal aberrations
Introduction
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 8
Deletion 5p
Turner's syndrome
Klinefelter's syndrome
Skeletal dysplasias due to congenital metabolic disorders
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Mucolipidoses
Lipid storage diseases
Part Thirteen: Neoplastic conditions
General principles of neoplasia
Definition
Characteristics of benign and malignant tumors
Function of neoplastic cells
Epidemiology
Causes of neoplasia
Cancer in antiquity
Paleopathological study of neoplasms
Tumors of osseous origin or differentiation
Osteoma
Solitary enostosis
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Ossifying fibroma
Osteogenic sarcoma
Tumors of cartilage origin or differentiation
Chondroma
Chondroblastoma
Chondromyxoid fibroma
Osteochondroma
Chondrosarcoma
Tumors of fibrous connective tissue origin or differentiation
Introduction
Desmoplastic fibroma
Nonossifying fibroma
Fibrosarcoma
Fibrous histiocytoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Lipoma, liposarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.

Tumors of vascular differentiation
Hemangioma of bone
Glomus tumor, hemangiopericytoma, and hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Tumors of neural tissue
Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma), neurofibroma, and neurofibrosarcoma
Notochord tumors
Chordoma
Miscellaneous tumors of unknown origin
Giant cell reparative granuloma
Meningioma
Giant cell tumor
Ewing's sarcoma
Primary malignant lymphoma of bone
Metastatic skeletal lesions
Bone cysts
Part Fourteen: Diseases of the dentition
Oral biology
Attrition
Temporomandibular joint disease
Periodontal disorders
Dental caries
Enamel hypoplasia
Miscellaneous dentition-related conditions
Part Fifteen: Miscellaneous conditions
Paget's disease of bone
Leontiasis ossea
Hyperostosis frontalis interna
Generalized hyperostosis with pachydermia (pachydermo-hyperostosis)
Fibrous dysplasia of bone (fibro-osseous dysplasia)
Skeletal neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
Harris lines
References.