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Abstract
Upon recognizing the prolonged effects of diminished sewer capacity and deterioration
caused by rapid population and industry growth in the Green River Road area, Evansville Water
Sewer & Utility (EWSU) has set out to improve the quality of the sanitary sewer systems in this
portion of their infrastructure. This deterioration presents significant health risks if the outdated
system were to fail, potentially plaguing the area with Sanitary Sewer Overflows, environmental
contamination, and disruption of sewer service within the area. The targeted upgrades required
must be able to combat various issues and sustain themselves against various dynamic issues,
including but not limited to: increasing demand for sanitary sewer capacity, avoiding existing
utilities, budgetary constraints, industry regulations, easement purchasing and Right of Way, and
implementation options that may affect motorists, pedestrians, and local business owners. Upon
weighing topographic data from a LiDAR survey, flow/discharge data from a series of Float
tests, current utility locations from Geographic Information System (GIS) data, and the current
state of various lift stations from utility records, a proposed solution was developed. This
proposed solution would consist of a complete replacement of the Oak Grove Force Main,
running from North to South on Green River Road. This 10” diameter, PVC main will move
discharge from the Oak Grove Lift Station, as well as move wastewater from Carriage House
Force Main, and the Eastland Mall force Main, both of which are sized at 6” diameter. These 6”
mains will be rerouted, shortened, and discharged directly into Oak Grove Force Main,
eliminating redundancy and within the sewer-shed. Using Civil-3D, two Force Main alternatives
were developed. The first involved avoiding Right of Way and adhering to buying easement
property. This main, due to having to avoid a high number of utility conflicts, had many
junctions and changes of direction, requiring an open trench style of construction. The second
alternative was placed directly in between the Northbound Lanes of Green River Road. While
this option allows for no junctions or changes of direction, besides the connections from Eastland
Mall and Carriage House Force Mains, placement into the Right of Way presents tremendous
financial consequences pending changes to the roadway surface. Special consideration was given
to ensure that each alternative moved wastewater between 2-8 feet per second in order to prevent
the settling of solids and high amount of energy loss from friction, as well as an operating
pressure of below 165 pounds per square inch, the pressure rating of PVC C900 pipe material.
Cost estimates were performed for each alternative and were informed by EWSU’s Unit Pricing
4 Catalog. This catalog contained pay item references for their projects within the last 5 years and
allowed a 30% Design Estimate to be constructed for both iterations. Subsurface profiles were
created using the Pressure Network Function within Civil 3D and allowed for the development of
design Plan and Profile sheets, as well as an accurate and informed count of fittings, junctions,
and appurtenances. Design Alternative 1 was estimated to cost $1,182,776 while Design
Alternative 2 was estimated to cost $871,511. While Alternative 2 is shown to have a lower
initial cost, the potential delayed expenses from being within the Right of Way deter it from
being the chosen design alternative. Alternative 1 presents higher installation costs, tremendous
Maintenance of traffic Concerns, and longer construction time, but allows for the utility to own
the constructed infrastructure without fear of delayed or unforeseen property costs. Furthermore,
it increases the amount of easement property owned by the Utility, an asset over long periods of
time. Finally, recommendations were given by the design team for EWSU to implement as this
sewer-shed is improved. These recommendations include a renovation of the Eastland Mall Lift
station, as well as the use of a composite plastic manhole structure for the discharge point the
Oak Grove Force Main.