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Table of Contents
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Notes on Contributors
Chapter 1 Democracy - Fundamental Building-Block of the International Order?
1 Introduction: Democratic Governance in International Law - Perils and Pitfalls
2 Democratic Governance in Post-Cold War International Law
2.1 Criteria for Legitimacy of Governments
2.2 'Democratic Peace'
2.3 State-Building and Democracy Promotion
2.4 'Good Governance' in Development Aid
3 Perils and Pitfalls of a Norm on Democratic Governance
4 Conclusion: Why We Must Be Careful
Part 1 The Democratic Principle - Conceptual Issues
Chapter 2 Pro-democratic Interventionism Revisited
1 Introduction
2 Reflections on the Meaning of Pro-democratic Intervention
3 A Cry from the Past: the Pro-democratic Intervention Thesis
4 From Port-au-Prince via Free Town to Banjul: Pro-democratic Intervention in Post-Cold War International Practice
5 pdi &
International Law Thirty Years Post-Haiti: Where Do We Stand?
6 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3 Democracy and the Rule of Law: Articulating the National and International Judiciary with Majoritarian Will: Some Thoughts Based on a Comparative Approach of the Regional Human Rights Courts (rhrc) Case Law
1 Articulation through Deference
1.1 Deference through the Creation of Concepts
1.1.1 Conceptual Engineering
1.1.2 Margin of Appreciation in 'Derogation Cases'
1.1.3 Expansion of Margin of Appreciation in the Overall Case Law
1.2 Deference through the Creation of New Procedural Relationships
1.2.1 Procedural Engineering
1.2.2 Taking into Account the Parliamentary Deliberation (The 'Process-Based Review')
1.2.3 Taking into Account the Domestic Judicial Deliberation (the Judicial-Based Review)
2 Articulation through Intransigence.
2.1 The Common Intransigence in Democratic Subject Matters
2.1.1 Different Contexts: One Single Intransigence
2.1.1.1 Democratic Building and Transitional Justice
2.1.1.2 Democratic Backsliding and Independence of the Judiciary
2.1.2 One Intransigence, Different Effects
2.2 A Different Kind of Inflexibility in the Social and Societal Domains
2.2.1 Social Justice
2.2.2 'Sexual Justice'
3 Conclusion
Chapter 4 On the Importance of a Sense of Truth for a Democratic Legal Culture and the International Order
1 Introduction
2 The Importance of a Sense of Truth for a Democratic Legal Culture
2.1 Gustav Radbruch on the Importance of a Sense of Truth for the Democratic Constitutional State
2.2 The Importance of a Sense of Truth for the Discourse Theory of Law
2.3 The Importance of a Sense of Truth for Wittgensteinian (Constitutional) Games of Justification
3 Consequences Following from the Importance of a Sense of Truth for a Democratic Legal Culture and the International Order
3.1 A Sense of Truth, a "Constitutional Prohibition to Tell Lies" and the Difference between "Factual" and "Rational Truth"
3.2 Truth and the International Legal Order
4 Conclusion
Chapter 5 La relation contrariée entre souveraineté et démocratie : au prisme des approches critiques du droit international
1 L'inégalité des Etats face à la norme démocratique au plan international
1.1 Les obstacles à l'élaboration et à l'interprétation de la norme démocratique
1.1.1 Les obstacles à l'élaboration de la norme démocratique
1.1.2 L'appropriation de la norme démocratique
1.2 L'application de la norme démocratique comme limitation de la souveraineté des Etats dans l'ordre international
1.2.1 L'encadrement officiel de la souveraineté internationale des Etats par la norme démocratique.
1.2.2 La dépréciation insidieuse de la souveraineté des Etats considérés comme non démocratiques et ses conséquences
2 Les restrictions à la souveraineté des Etats et des peuples au plan interne à travers la norme démocratique
2.1 La souveraineté de l'Etat face à l'instauration d'un régime démocratique dans un contexte internationalisé
2.2 Le respect de la volonté du peuple dans l'instauration d'un régime démocratique dans un contexte internationalisé
3 Conclusion
Part 2 Democracy and Human Rights
Chapter 6 Journalists in Danger and the Possibilities of International Law
Summary
1 Introduction: From Where the Bombs Come
2 The Protection of the Media under International Law
2.1 International Treaties
2.1.1 Global Protection: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr)
2.1.2 Regional Protection
2.1.2.1 Africa
2.1.2.2 America
2.1.2.3 Asia
2.1.2.4 Europe
2.1.2.4.1 European Convention on Human Rights
2.1.2.4.1.1 Freedom of Expression and the Media
2.1.2.4.1.2 Right to Liberty and Security and Right to a Fair Trail
2.1.2.4.1.3 Emergency: Art. 15 echr
2.1.2.4.2 EU Fundamental Rights Charter
2.2 Decisions of International Organisations
2.2.1 United Nations
2.2.2 Council of Europe/Parliamentary Assembly
2.2.3 EU Commission
2.3 Monitoring and Procedural Enforcement
3 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 7 Freedom of Association : The Shrinking Space of Civil Society
1 Introduction
2 Human Rights Liberalism
3 The Perspective of Democratic Self-Determination
4 Standards for Justifying Restrictions
5 Conclusions
Part 3 Democracy Promotion in International Legal Practice
Chapter 8 Democracy Promotion and Development Cooperation: Between Business as Usual and the End of the "End of History"
1 Introduction.
2 The Importance of Democracy Promotion in Western Development Cooperation Policy
2.1 Democracy Promotion in National Development Cooperation Policies
2.2 Democracy Promotion within the Development Assistance Committee of the oecd
2.3 Democracy Promotion in the European Union's Development Cooperation Policy
2.4 Democratic Conditionality in the EU's Development Cooperation Policy
3 A-Democratic Development Cooperation Policies
3.1 The Utilitarian Approach to Democracy in Multilateral Development Policies
3.2 The Competition of Programmes Where Democracy Promotion Plays No Role: the Example of Chinese Development Cooperation
4 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 9 Election Observation and Assistance : Their Potential for Democracy Promotion with Special Focus on Challenges in Times of covid-19
1 Introduction
2 Generalities on International Electoral Support
2.1 Overview
2.2 Framework for the Support Activities: Applicable Standards
2.3 International Election Observation: Methodology and Organisation of an eom
2.4 Electoral Assistance
2.5 Electoral Support and covid-19
2.6 Resume
3 Potential of International Electoral Support
3.1 Precise Standards and Best Practices
3.2 Presence of Observers &
Public Attention
3.3 Technical and/or Financial Assistance and Support
3.4 (De-)Legitimating Process and Results
3.5 Detailed Recommendations
4 Limitations/Challenges to International Electoral Support
4.1 General Considerations of National Sovereignty
4.2 Political and Human Rights Situation in the Country
4.3 Detrimental Impact of covid-19
4.4 Intra-organisational Problems
4.5 Inter-organisational Problems
4.6 General Limits of International Electoral Support
5 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 10 Democratic Sanctions and International Law
1 Introduction.
2 Grounds for Triggering Democratic Sanctions: from Coups d'état to Democratic Backsliding and Erosion
3 Institutional Democratic Sanctions
3.1 Military and Economic Sanctions
3.2 Political Sanctions
3.3 Judicial Sanctions?
4 Unilateral Democratic Sanctions: Lawful Reactions or Violations of International Law?
4.1 Non-intervention
4.2 Human Rights
5 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 11 Council of Europe as the Guardian of Democracy : The Venice Commission
1 Introduction
2 Looking Back at Thirty Years of Evolution
2.1 Creative Period (1990-2000)
2.2 Realist Period (2000-2010)
2.3 Period without Illusions (2010-2020)
3 Geographical Scope of Operation
4 Substantive Standards
5 Impact of the Commission's Opinions
6 Examples of the Commission's Influence in Shaping Democracy in Stress Situations
6.1 Report on 'Respect for Democracy, Human Rights and the Rule of Law during States of Emergency: Reflections'
6.2 The 2016 Opinion on Emergency Decree Laws in Turkey
6.3 Other Examples
7 Democratic Deficit Doubts, Procedure, Innovativeness
8 Conclusion
Part 4 Emerging Issues at the International Level
Chapter 12 Democracy through the Lens of Digital Surveillance: An Assessment of the Legitimacy of General Principles of Law
1 The Relevance of General Principles in the Context of Digital Surveillance
1.1 'General Principles of Law' as an Autonomous Source of International Law
1.2 Assessing the Constitutive Elements of 'General Principles of Law' in the Context of Digital Surveillance
2 The Existence of General Principles in the Context of Digital Surveillance
2.1 The Individual Right to Privacy and the Overarching Principles of Legality, Necessity, and Proportionality
2.1.1 Overarching Principles as Deduced from Article 17 iccpr.
2.1.2 Overarching Principles as Deduced from Regional Instruments and National Laws.
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Notes on Contributors
Chapter 1 Democracy - Fundamental Building-Block of the International Order?
1 Introduction: Democratic Governance in International Law - Perils and Pitfalls
2 Democratic Governance in Post-Cold War International Law
2.1 Criteria for Legitimacy of Governments
2.2 'Democratic Peace'
2.3 State-Building and Democracy Promotion
2.4 'Good Governance' in Development Aid
3 Perils and Pitfalls of a Norm on Democratic Governance
4 Conclusion: Why We Must Be Careful
Part 1 The Democratic Principle - Conceptual Issues
Chapter 2 Pro-democratic Interventionism Revisited
1 Introduction
2 Reflections on the Meaning of Pro-democratic Intervention
3 A Cry from the Past: the Pro-democratic Intervention Thesis
4 From Port-au-Prince via Free Town to Banjul: Pro-democratic Intervention in Post-Cold War International Practice
5 pdi &
International Law Thirty Years Post-Haiti: Where Do We Stand?
6 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3 Democracy and the Rule of Law: Articulating the National and International Judiciary with Majoritarian Will: Some Thoughts Based on a Comparative Approach of the Regional Human Rights Courts (rhrc) Case Law
1 Articulation through Deference
1.1 Deference through the Creation of Concepts
1.1.1 Conceptual Engineering
1.1.2 Margin of Appreciation in 'Derogation Cases'
1.1.3 Expansion of Margin of Appreciation in the Overall Case Law
1.2 Deference through the Creation of New Procedural Relationships
1.2.1 Procedural Engineering
1.2.2 Taking into Account the Parliamentary Deliberation (The 'Process-Based Review')
1.2.3 Taking into Account the Domestic Judicial Deliberation (the Judicial-Based Review)
2 Articulation through Intransigence.
2.1 The Common Intransigence in Democratic Subject Matters
2.1.1 Different Contexts: One Single Intransigence
2.1.1.1 Democratic Building and Transitional Justice
2.1.1.2 Democratic Backsliding and Independence of the Judiciary
2.1.2 One Intransigence, Different Effects
2.2 A Different Kind of Inflexibility in the Social and Societal Domains
2.2.1 Social Justice
2.2.2 'Sexual Justice'
3 Conclusion
Chapter 4 On the Importance of a Sense of Truth for a Democratic Legal Culture and the International Order
1 Introduction
2 The Importance of a Sense of Truth for a Democratic Legal Culture
2.1 Gustav Radbruch on the Importance of a Sense of Truth for the Democratic Constitutional State
2.2 The Importance of a Sense of Truth for the Discourse Theory of Law
2.3 The Importance of a Sense of Truth for Wittgensteinian (Constitutional) Games of Justification
3 Consequences Following from the Importance of a Sense of Truth for a Democratic Legal Culture and the International Order
3.1 A Sense of Truth, a "Constitutional Prohibition to Tell Lies" and the Difference between "Factual" and "Rational Truth"
3.2 Truth and the International Legal Order
4 Conclusion
Chapter 5 La relation contrariée entre souveraineté et démocratie : au prisme des approches critiques du droit international
1 L'inégalité des Etats face à la norme démocratique au plan international
1.1 Les obstacles à l'élaboration et à l'interprétation de la norme démocratique
1.1.1 Les obstacles à l'élaboration de la norme démocratique
1.1.2 L'appropriation de la norme démocratique
1.2 L'application de la norme démocratique comme limitation de la souveraineté des Etats dans l'ordre international
1.2.1 L'encadrement officiel de la souveraineté internationale des Etats par la norme démocratique.
1.2.2 La dépréciation insidieuse de la souveraineté des Etats considérés comme non démocratiques et ses conséquences
2 Les restrictions à la souveraineté des Etats et des peuples au plan interne à travers la norme démocratique
2.1 La souveraineté de l'Etat face à l'instauration d'un régime démocratique dans un contexte internationalisé
2.2 Le respect de la volonté du peuple dans l'instauration d'un régime démocratique dans un contexte internationalisé
3 Conclusion
Part 2 Democracy and Human Rights
Chapter 6 Journalists in Danger and the Possibilities of International Law
Summary
1 Introduction: From Where the Bombs Come
2 The Protection of the Media under International Law
2.1 International Treaties
2.1.1 Global Protection: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr)
2.1.2 Regional Protection
2.1.2.1 Africa
2.1.2.2 America
2.1.2.3 Asia
2.1.2.4 Europe
2.1.2.4.1 European Convention on Human Rights
2.1.2.4.1.1 Freedom of Expression and the Media
2.1.2.4.1.2 Right to Liberty and Security and Right to a Fair Trail
2.1.2.4.1.3 Emergency: Art. 15 echr
2.1.2.4.2 EU Fundamental Rights Charter
2.2 Decisions of International Organisations
2.2.1 United Nations
2.2.2 Council of Europe/Parliamentary Assembly
2.2.3 EU Commission
2.3 Monitoring and Procedural Enforcement
3 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 7 Freedom of Association : The Shrinking Space of Civil Society
1 Introduction
2 Human Rights Liberalism
3 The Perspective of Democratic Self-Determination
4 Standards for Justifying Restrictions
5 Conclusions
Part 3 Democracy Promotion in International Legal Practice
Chapter 8 Democracy Promotion and Development Cooperation: Between Business as Usual and the End of the "End of History"
1 Introduction.
2 The Importance of Democracy Promotion in Western Development Cooperation Policy
2.1 Democracy Promotion in National Development Cooperation Policies
2.2 Democracy Promotion within the Development Assistance Committee of the oecd
2.3 Democracy Promotion in the European Union's Development Cooperation Policy
2.4 Democratic Conditionality in the EU's Development Cooperation Policy
3 A-Democratic Development Cooperation Policies
3.1 The Utilitarian Approach to Democracy in Multilateral Development Policies
3.2 The Competition of Programmes Where Democracy Promotion Plays No Role: the Example of Chinese Development Cooperation
4 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 9 Election Observation and Assistance : Their Potential for Democracy Promotion with Special Focus on Challenges in Times of covid-19
1 Introduction
2 Generalities on International Electoral Support
2.1 Overview
2.2 Framework for the Support Activities: Applicable Standards
2.3 International Election Observation: Methodology and Organisation of an eom
2.4 Electoral Assistance
2.5 Electoral Support and covid-19
2.6 Resume
3 Potential of International Electoral Support
3.1 Precise Standards and Best Practices
3.2 Presence of Observers &
Public Attention
3.3 Technical and/or Financial Assistance and Support
3.4 (De-)Legitimating Process and Results
3.5 Detailed Recommendations
4 Limitations/Challenges to International Electoral Support
4.1 General Considerations of National Sovereignty
4.2 Political and Human Rights Situation in the Country
4.3 Detrimental Impact of covid-19
4.4 Intra-organisational Problems
4.5 Inter-organisational Problems
4.6 General Limits of International Electoral Support
5 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 10 Democratic Sanctions and International Law
1 Introduction.
2 Grounds for Triggering Democratic Sanctions: from Coups d'état to Democratic Backsliding and Erosion
3 Institutional Democratic Sanctions
3.1 Military and Economic Sanctions
3.2 Political Sanctions
3.3 Judicial Sanctions?
4 Unilateral Democratic Sanctions: Lawful Reactions or Violations of International Law?
4.1 Non-intervention
4.2 Human Rights
5 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 11 Council of Europe as the Guardian of Democracy : The Venice Commission
1 Introduction
2 Looking Back at Thirty Years of Evolution
2.1 Creative Period (1990-2000)
2.2 Realist Period (2000-2010)
2.3 Period without Illusions (2010-2020)
3 Geographical Scope of Operation
4 Substantive Standards
5 Impact of the Commission's Opinions
6 Examples of the Commission's Influence in Shaping Democracy in Stress Situations
6.1 Report on 'Respect for Democracy, Human Rights and the Rule of Law during States of Emergency: Reflections'
6.2 The 2016 Opinion on Emergency Decree Laws in Turkey
6.3 Other Examples
7 Democratic Deficit Doubts, Procedure, Innovativeness
8 Conclusion
Part 4 Emerging Issues at the International Level
Chapter 12 Democracy through the Lens of Digital Surveillance: An Assessment of the Legitimacy of General Principles of Law
1 The Relevance of General Principles in the Context of Digital Surveillance
1.1 'General Principles of Law' as an Autonomous Source of International Law
1.2 Assessing the Constitutive Elements of 'General Principles of Law' in the Context of Digital Surveillance
2 The Existence of General Principles in the Context of Digital Surveillance
2.1 The Individual Right to Privacy and the Overarching Principles of Legality, Necessity, and Proportionality
2.1.1 Overarching Principles as Deduced from Article 17 iccpr.
2.1.2 Overarching Principles as Deduced from Regional Instruments and National Laws.