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Table of Contents
Cover
Half-Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1. Automation
Introduction
Definition of Automation
Mechanization vs Automation
Advantages of Automation
Goals of Automation
Social Issues of Automation
Low Cost Automation
Types of Automation
Current Emphasis in Automation
Reasons for Automation
Reasons for No Automation
Issues for Automation in Factory Operations
Strategies for Automation
Exercises
2. Basic Laws and Principles
Fluid Properties
Exercises
3. Basic Pneumatic and Hydraulic Systems
Introduction to Fluid Power
Basic Elements of Fluid Power System
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluid Power
Applications of Fluid Power
Pneumatics vs. Hydraulics
Advantages and Disadvantages of Pneumatics
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydraulics
Applications of Pneumatics
Applications of Hydraulics
Basic Pneumatic System
Basic Hydraulic System
Hydraulic System Design
Fluids Used in Hydraulics
Exercises
4. Pumps and Compressors
Introduction
Pumps vs. Compressors
Positive Displacement vs. Non Positive Displacement Devices
Classification of Hydraulic Pumps
Positive Displacement Pumps
Rotary Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
Metering Pump
Dynamic/Non Positive Displacement Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Pump Selection Parameters
Comparison of Positive and Non Positive Displacement Pumps
Air Compressors
Types of Air Compressors
Positive Displacement Compressors
Rotary Compressors
Reciprocating Compressors
Piston Compressors
Diaphragm Compressor
Dynamic Compressors
Comparison of Different Compressors
Specifications of Compressors
Exercises
5. Fluid Accessories
Introduction
Air Receiver
Aftercooler
Air Dryer
Air Filter
Pressure Regulator
Air Lubricator.
Air Service Unit (F.R.L.)
Pipeline Layout
Seals
Hydraulic Fluids
Hydraulic Reservoir
Hydraulic Filter
Pressure Gauges and Volume Meters
Hydraulic Accumulator
Intensifier
Lines
Fittings and Connectors
Hydraulic Seals
Exercises
6. Cylinders and Motors
Introduction
Cylinders
Classification of Cylinders
Classification of Cylinders on the Basis of Construction
Single-Acting Cylinder
Double-Acting Cylinder
Types of Single-Acting Cylinders
Types of Double-Acting Cylinders
Other Types of Cylinders
Classification of Cylinders on the Basis of Working Medium
Hydraulic Cylinders
Pneumatic Cylinders
Applications of Cylinders
Cylinder Cushioning
Cylinder Mountings
Cylinder Sizing
Cylinder Specification
Introduction to Motors
Motor Ratings
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Motors
Symbol of Motors
Classification of Fluid Motors
Gear Motors
Vane Motors
Piston Motors
Application of Motors
Exercises
7. Control Valves
Introduction
Classification of Valves
Direction Control Valves
Symbol and Designation of Direction Control (DC) Valve
Classification of DC Valves
Classification of DC Valves on the Basis of Methods of Valve Actuation
Symbols for Valve Actuators
Examples of DC Valves With Actuators
Classification of DC Valves on the Basis of Construction
2/2 DC Valves
3/2 DC Valves
4/2 DC Valves
Center Conditions in 4 Way DC Valves
Check Valve
Pilot Operated Check Valve
Pressure Control Valves
Pressure Relief Valve
Pressure Reducing Valve
Sequence Valve
Counterbalance Valve
Flow Control Valves
Non Return Flow Control Valve
Quick Exhaust Valve
Time Delay Valve/Air Timer
Pneumatic Logic Valves
Twin Pressure Valve
Shuttle Valve
Servo Valves
Torque Motor and Armature Assembly.
Classification of Servo Valves
Single-Stage Servo Valve
Multistage Servo Valve
Servo System
Example of a Servo Control System
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Symbols
Exercises
8. Circuits
Introduction
Building up the Circuit Diagram
Designation of Components in a Circuit Diagram
Pneumatic Circuits
Pneumatic Circuit for Control of Single-Acting Cylinder
Pneumatic Circuit for Control of Double-Acting Cylinder
Application of 2/2 and 3/2 DC Valves
Circuit with Mechanical Feedback
Speed Control Circuits
Use of Flow Control Valve to Control Single-Acting Cylinder
Use of Quick Exhaust Valve in Pneumatic Circuits
Time Delay Circuit
Circuits with Necessary Conditions
Application of the Twin Pressure Valve
Application of the Shuttle Valve
Hydraulic Circuits
Hydraulic Circuit for Control of Single-Acting Cylinder
Hydraulic Circuit for Control of Double-Acting Cylinder
Circuits Using 3 Position Valves
Speed Control in Hydraulic Circuits
Bleed off Circuit
Regenerative Circuit
Circuit Showing Application of Counter Balance Valve
Sequencing Circuit
Pressure Reduction Circuit
Problems in Circuit Design
Exercises
9. Pneumatic Logic Circuits
Introduction
Control System
Open Loop Control System
Closed Loop Control System
Circuit Design Methods
Motion Sequence Representation
Motion Diagrams
Control Diagram
Cascade Design
Steps Involved in Cascade Design
Sign Conventions
Sequencing
Examples
Exercises
10. Fluidics
Introduction
Boolean Algebra
Laws of Boolean Algebra
Truth Table
Logic Gates
Origin and Development of Fluidics
Coanda's Effect
Tesla's Valvular Conduit
Fluidic Devices
Fluidic Logic Devices
Fluidic Sensors
Fluidic Amplifier
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluidics
Exercises.
11. Electrical and Electronic Controls
Introduction to Sensors and Transducers
Sensor Terminology
Selection of a Transducer
Classification of Sensors
Classification of Transducers
Temperature Sensors
Light Sensors
Position Sensors
Piezoelectric Sensors
Pressure Sensors
Strain Gauges
Microprocessor
Microcontroller
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Exercises
12. Transfer Devices and Feeders
Introduction
Fundamentals of Production Lines
Types of Assembly Lines
Reasons for Using Automated Assembly Lines
Transfer Systems in Assembly Lines
Automatic Machines
Transfer Devices/Machines
Selection of Transfer Devices
Transfer Mechanism in Transfer Devices
Linear Transfer Mechanism
Rotary Transfer Mechanism
Classification of Transfer Devices
Advantages and Disadvantages of Transfer Machines
Conveyor Systems Used in Transfer Devices
Feeders
Classification of Feeders
Criteria for Feeder Selection
Parts Feeding Devices
Types of Feeders
Apron Feeders
Reciprocating Feeders (Plate Feeders)
Reciprocating-Tube Hopper Feeder
Reciprocating Plate Feeder
Vibratory Bowl Feeder
Screw Feeders
Belt Feeders
Rotary Plow Feeders
Rotary Table Feeders
Centrifugal Hopper Feeder
Centerboard Hopper Feeder
Flexible Feeders
Exercises
13. Robotics
Introduction
History of Robots
Definition of a Robot
Industrial Robot
Laws of Robotics
Motivating Factors
Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Characteristics of an Industrial Robot
Components of an Industrial Robot
Comparison of the Human and Robot Manipulator
Robot Wrist and End of Arm Tools
Robot Terminology
Robotic Joints
Classification of Robots
Robot Classification on the Basis of Co-Ordinate Systems.
Robot Classification on the Basis of Power Source
Robot Classification on the Basis of Method of Control
Robot Classification on the Basis of Programming Method
Robot Selection
Robot Workcell
Machine Vision
Robotics and Machine Vision
Robotic Accidents
Robotics and Safety
Robots Maintenance
Robots Installation
Exercises
14. Robotic Sensors
Introduction
Types of Sensors in Robots
Exteroceptors or External Sensors
Tactile Sensors
Proximity Sensors (Position Sensors)
Range Sensors
Machine Vision Sensors
Velocity Sensors
Proprioceptors or Internal Sensors
Robot with Sensors
Exercises
15. Robot end Effectors
Introduction
End Effector
Classification of End Effectors
Grippers
Selection of Gripper
Gripping Mechanisms
Tools
Types of Tools
Characteristics of End-of-Arm Tooling
Elements of End-of-Arm Tooling
Types of Grippers
Finger Grippers
Mechanical Grippers
Vacuum/Suction Grippers
Magnetic Grippers
Exercises
16. Robot Programming
Introduction
Robot Programming
Robot Programming Techniques
Online Programming
Lead-Through Programming
Walk-Through Programming or Teaching
Offline Programming
Task Level Programming
Motion Programming
Overview of Robot Programming Languages
Requirements for a Standard Robot Language
Robot Languages
Types of Robot Languages
Example of a Robot Program Using VAL
Exercises
17. Applications of Robots
Introduction
Robot Capabilities
Applications of Robots
Manufacturing Applications
Material Handling Applications
Cleanroom Robots
Exercises
18. Robots Using Real-Time Embedded Systems
Introduction to Robots Using Real-Time Embedded Systems
Robotic Arm
Actuation
End Effector Path
Sensing
Tasking
Automation and Autonomy.
Exercises.
Half-Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1. Automation
Introduction
Definition of Automation
Mechanization vs Automation
Advantages of Automation
Goals of Automation
Social Issues of Automation
Low Cost Automation
Types of Automation
Current Emphasis in Automation
Reasons for Automation
Reasons for No Automation
Issues for Automation in Factory Operations
Strategies for Automation
Exercises
2. Basic Laws and Principles
Fluid Properties
Exercises
3. Basic Pneumatic and Hydraulic Systems
Introduction to Fluid Power
Basic Elements of Fluid Power System
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluid Power
Applications of Fluid Power
Pneumatics vs. Hydraulics
Advantages and Disadvantages of Pneumatics
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydraulics
Applications of Pneumatics
Applications of Hydraulics
Basic Pneumatic System
Basic Hydraulic System
Hydraulic System Design
Fluids Used in Hydraulics
Exercises
4. Pumps and Compressors
Introduction
Pumps vs. Compressors
Positive Displacement vs. Non Positive Displacement Devices
Classification of Hydraulic Pumps
Positive Displacement Pumps
Rotary Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
Metering Pump
Dynamic/Non Positive Displacement Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Pump Selection Parameters
Comparison of Positive and Non Positive Displacement Pumps
Air Compressors
Types of Air Compressors
Positive Displacement Compressors
Rotary Compressors
Reciprocating Compressors
Piston Compressors
Diaphragm Compressor
Dynamic Compressors
Comparison of Different Compressors
Specifications of Compressors
Exercises
5. Fluid Accessories
Introduction
Air Receiver
Aftercooler
Air Dryer
Air Filter
Pressure Regulator
Air Lubricator.
Air Service Unit (F.R.L.)
Pipeline Layout
Seals
Hydraulic Fluids
Hydraulic Reservoir
Hydraulic Filter
Pressure Gauges and Volume Meters
Hydraulic Accumulator
Intensifier
Lines
Fittings and Connectors
Hydraulic Seals
Exercises
6. Cylinders and Motors
Introduction
Cylinders
Classification of Cylinders
Classification of Cylinders on the Basis of Construction
Single-Acting Cylinder
Double-Acting Cylinder
Types of Single-Acting Cylinders
Types of Double-Acting Cylinders
Other Types of Cylinders
Classification of Cylinders on the Basis of Working Medium
Hydraulic Cylinders
Pneumatic Cylinders
Applications of Cylinders
Cylinder Cushioning
Cylinder Mountings
Cylinder Sizing
Cylinder Specification
Introduction to Motors
Motor Ratings
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Motors
Symbol of Motors
Classification of Fluid Motors
Gear Motors
Vane Motors
Piston Motors
Application of Motors
Exercises
7. Control Valves
Introduction
Classification of Valves
Direction Control Valves
Symbol and Designation of Direction Control (DC) Valve
Classification of DC Valves
Classification of DC Valves on the Basis of Methods of Valve Actuation
Symbols for Valve Actuators
Examples of DC Valves With Actuators
Classification of DC Valves on the Basis of Construction
2/2 DC Valves
3/2 DC Valves
4/2 DC Valves
Center Conditions in 4 Way DC Valves
Check Valve
Pilot Operated Check Valve
Pressure Control Valves
Pressure Relief Valve
Pressure Reducing Valve
Sequence Valve
Counterbalance Valve
Flow Control Valves
Non Return Flow Control Valve
Quick Exhaust Valve
Time Delay Valve/Air Timer
Pneumatic Logic Valves
Twin Pressure Valve
Shuttle Valve
Servo Valves
Torque Motor and Armature Assembly.
Classification of Servo Valves
Single-Stage Servo Valve
Multistage Servo Valve
Servo System
Example of a Servo Control System
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Symbols
Exercises
8. Circuits
Introduction
Building up the Circuit Diagram
Designation of Components in a Circuit Diagram
Pneumatic Circuits
Pneumatic Circuit for Control of Single-Acting Cylinder
Pneumatic Circuit for Control of Double-Acting Cylinder
Application of 2/2 and 3/2 DC Valves
Circuit with Mechanical Feedback
Speed Control Circuits
Use of Flow Control Valve to Control Single-Acting Cylinder
Use of Quick Exhaust Valve in Pneumatic Circuits
Time Delay Circuit
Circuits with Necessary Conditions
Application of the Twin Pressure Valve
Application of the Shuttle Valve
Hydraulic Circuits
Hydraulic Circuit for Control of Single-Acting Cylinder
Hydraulic Circuit for Control of Double-Acting Cylinder
Circuits Using 3 Position Valves
Speed Control in Hydraulic Circuits
Bleed off Circuit
Regenerative Circuit
Circuit Showing Application of Counter Balance Valve
Sequencing Circuit
Pressure Reduction Circuit
Problems in Circuit Design
Exercises
9. Pneumatic Logic Circuits
Introduction
Control System
Open Loop Control System
Closed Loop Control System
Circuit Design Methods
Motion Sequence Representation
Motion Diagrams
Control Diagram
Cascade Design
Steps Involved in Cascade Design
Sign Conventions
Sequencing
Examples
Exercises
10. Fluidics
Introduction
Boolean Algebra
Laws of Boolean Algebra
Truth Table
Logic Gates
Origin and Development of Fluidics
Coanda's Effect
Tesla's Valvular Conduit
Fluidic Devices
Fluidic Logic Devices
Fluidic Sensors
Fluidic Amplifier
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluidics
Exercises.
11. Electrical and Electronic Controls
Introduction to Sensors and Transducers
Sensor Terminology
Selection of a Transducer
Classification of Sensors
Classification of Transducers
Temperature Sensors
Light Sensors
Position Sensors
Piezoelectric Sensors
Pressure Sensors
Strain Gauges
Microprocessor
Microcontroller
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Exercises
12. Transfer Devices and Feeders
Introduction
Fundamentals of Production Lines
Types of Assembly Lines
Reasons for Using Automated Assembly Lines
Transfer Systems in Assembly Lines
Automatic Machines
Transfer Devices/Machines
Selection of Transfer Devices
Transfer Mechanism in Transfer Devices
Linear Transfer Mechanism
Rotary Transfer Mechanism
Classification of Transfer Devices
Advantages and Disadvantages of Transfer Machines
Conveyor Systems Used in Transfer Devices
Feeders
Classification of Feeders
Criteria for Feeder Selection
Parts Feeding Devices
Types of Feeders
Apron Feeders
Reciprocating Feeders (Plate Feeders)
Reciprocating-Tube Hopper Feeder
Reciprocating Plate Feeder
Vibratory Bowl Feeder
Screw Feeders
Belt Feeders
Rotary Plow Feeders
Rotary Table Feeders
Centrifugal Hopper Feeder
Centerboard Hopper Feeder
Flexible Feeders
Exercises
13. Robotics
Introduction
History of Robots
Definition of a Robot
Industrial Robot
Laws of Robotics
Motivating Factors
Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Characteristics of an Industrial Robot
Components of an Industrial Robot
Comparison of the Human and Robot Manipulator
Robot Wrist and End of Arm Tools
Robot Terminology
Robotic Joints
Classification of Robots
Robot Classification on the Basis of Co-Ordinate Systems.
Robot Classification on the Basis of Power Source
Robot Classification on the Basis of Method of Control
Robot Classification on the Basis of Programming Method
Robot Selection
Robot Workcell
Machine Vision
Robotics and Machine Vision
Robotic Accidents
Robotics and Safety
Robots Maintenance
Robots Installation
Exercises
14. Robotic Sensors
Introduction
Types of Sensors in Robots
Exteroceptors or External Sensors
Tactile Sensors
Proximity Sensors (Position Sensors)
Range Sensors
Machine Vision Sensors
Velocity Sensors
Proprioceptors or Internal Sensors
Robot with Sensors
Exercises
15. Robot end Effectors
Introduction
End Effector
Classification of End Effectors
Grippers
Selection of Gripper
Gripping Mechanisms
Tools
Types of Tools
Characteristics of End-of-Arm Tooling
Elements of End-of-Arm Tooling
Types of Grippers
Finger Grippers
Mechanical Grippers
Vacuum/Suction Grippers
Magnetic Grippers
Exercises
16. Robot Programming
Introduction
Robot Programming
Robot Programming Techniques
Online Programming
Lead-Through Programming
Walk-Through Programming or Teaching
Offline Programming
Task Level Programming
Motion Programming
Overview of Robot Programming Languages
Requirements for a Standard Robot Language
Robot Languages
Types of Robot Languages
Example of a Robot Program Using VAL
Exercises
17. Applications of Robots
Introduction
Robot Capabilities
Applications of Robots
Manufacturing Applications
Material Handling Applications
Cleanroom Robots
Exercises
18. Robots Using Real-Time Embedded Systems
Introduction to Robots Using Real-Time Embedded Systems
Robotic Arm
Actuation
End Effector Path
Sensing
Tasking
Automation and Autonomy.
Exercises.