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Table of Contents
Intro
Editor biographies
Lulu Wang
Muharrem Karaaslan
List of contributors
Chapter Characterization of metamaterials
1.1 Classification of metamaterials
1.1.1 Double positive (DPS) materials
1.1.2 Epsilon negative (ENG) materials
1.1.3 Mu negative (MNG) materials
1.1.4 Double negative (DNG) materials
1.2 Types of MTM
1.2.1 Artificial dielectrics
1.2.2 Artificial magnetics
1.2.3 Chiral materials
1.2.4 Plasmonic materials
1.2.5 Omega shape materials
1.2.6 Tunable materials
1.3 Metamaterials' properties dependence
1.3.1 Frequency
1.3.2 Geometry and size
1.3.3 Temperature
1.3.4 Homogenity
1.4 Techniques of characterization of MTMs
1.4.1 Resonator methods
1.4.2 S-parameter
1.4.3 Waveguide method
1.4.4 Nicolson-Ross-Weir method
1.4.5 Free-space method
1.5 Results and discussion
1.6 Conclusions
Bibliography
Chapter Microwave metamaterial sensors
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Microfluidic sensors
2.3 THz metamaterial sensors
2.4 The metamaterial absorber based sensors
2.5 New approaches in metamaterial sensors by using machine learning or a three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial-based sensor
2.6 Future challenges and future works
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter Metamaterial absorbers in the microwave range
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum
3.3 Microwave absorption mechanism
3.4 Absorber design processes
3.5 Flexible metamaterial absorber designs
3.6 Discussions
3.7 Future works
3.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter Dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber with high sensitivity for sensing applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The unit cell model's design
4.3 Results and analysis
4.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter Metamaterial energy harvesters.
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Piezoelectric-based acoustic and acoustoelastic wave energy harvesting
5.3 RF regime energy harvesting
5.4 Infrared and visible regime energy harvesting
5.5 Results and discussions
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) in metamaterials
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Operational principles of periodic structures
6.3 Explanation of the functional mechanism of frequency selective surfaces
6.4 Equivalent circuit of FSS
6.5 Applications of FSS
6.5.1 Spatial filter based on FSS
6.5.2 Integration of the FSS with antennas
6.5.3 MIMO system based on FSSs
6.5.4 Electromagnetic shielding based on FSS
6.5.5 Meta-skin
6.5.6 3D FSS structures
6.5.7 Reconfigurable FSS
6.5.8 FSS impacted textiles
6.6 Effective approaches for analyzing, optimizing, and fabricating frequency selective surfaces
6.7 Results and discussion
6.8 Conclusion
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter Metasurfaces
7.1 Introduction
7.2 About MSs
7.2.1 The generalized law of refraction
7.2.2 Huygens' MS
7.2.3 MSs based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase
7.3 Applications of MSs
7.3.1 Polarization
7.3.2 MS-based polarization converters
7.3.3 MS-based polarization converter studies
7.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter Flexible metamaterials
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Flexible materials for MTMs
8.3 Electronics for flexible MTMs
8.4 Antennas for flexible MTMs
8.5 Energy harvesting for flexible MTMs
8.6 Flexible mechanical MTMs
8.7 Flexible THz MTMs
8.8 Discussion, challenges, and future perspectives
8.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter Acoustic metamaterials
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Negative refractive index of phononic crystals and acoustic lens property
9.1.2 Fractal phononic crystals and their band structure.
9.2 Phononic crystal based tunable piezoelectric waveguide
9.3 Second harmonic generation in acoustic metamaterials
9.4 Acoustic subwavelength structures
9.4.1 FEM model of resonant arrays for numerical analysis
9.4.2 Transmission analysis
9.4.3 Complementary split rectangular resonator (CSRR) locally resonant sonic crystal
9.5 Acoustic Weyl point materials
9.5.1 Design of a phononic crystal with type-III Weyl points
9.6 Challenges and future works
9.7 Conclusion
Author contributions
Data availability statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
Chapter Data-driven modeling of microstrip reflectarray unit element design
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methods
10.3 Modeling of the RA unit element
10.4 Sampling strategies for gathering data points
10.5 Artificial intelligence based surrogate modeling
10.5.1 Artificial neural networks
10.5.2 Support vector regression machine
10.5.3 Ensemble learning
10.5.4 Gaussian process regression
10.5.5 Deep neural network
10.5.6 Hyperparameter optimization
10.5.7 Benchmarking
10.6 Results and discussion
10.7 Challenges and future works
References
Chapter Metamaterials for sensing and biomedical applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Theory and analytical treatment of a prism-coupled waveguide sensor
11.2.1 Results and discussion of PCWS
11.3 Hyperbolic metamaterial-based sensor for detection of cancer cells
11.3.1 Results and discussion
11.4 Nanoscale sensor for temperature sensing
11.4.1 Theory and design of a temperature sensor
11.5 Conclusion and future work
Author contributions
Data availability statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter Metamaterial signal absorbers and applications
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Absorption mechanism.
12.3 Multiple reflection
12.4 Absorber applications
12.5 Absorber designs for energy harvesting
12.6 Absorber for solar energy
12.7 Absorber for sensor applications
12.8 Tunable metamaterial absorber
12.9 Conclusion
References.
Editor biographies
Lulu Wang
Muharrem Karaaslan
List of contributors
Chapter Characterization of metamaterials
1.1 Classification of metamaterials
1.1.1 Double positive (DPS) materials
1.1.2 Epsilon negative (ENG) materials
1.1.3 Mu negative (MNG) materials
1.1.4 Double negative (DNG) materials
1.2 Types of MTM
1.2.1 Artificial dielectrics
1.2.2 Artificial magnetics
1.2.3 Chiral materials
1.2.4 Plasmonic materials
1.2.5 Omega shape materials
1.2.6 Tunable materials
1.3 Metamaterials' properties dependence
1.3.1 Frequency
1.3.2 Geometry and size
1.3.3 Temperature
1.3.4 Homogenity
1.4 Techniques of characterization of MTMs
1.4.1 Resonator methods
1.4.2 S-parameter
1.4.3 Waveguide method
1.4.4 Nicolson-Ross-Weir method
1.4.5 Free-space method
1.5 Results and discussion
1.6 Conclusions
Bibliography
Chapter Microwave metamaterial sensors
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Microfluidic sensors
2.3 THz metamaterial sensors
2.4 The metamaterial absorber based sensors
2.5 New approaches in metamaterial sensors by using machine learning or a three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial-based sensor
2.6 Future challenges and future works
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter Metamaterial absorbers in the microwave range
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum
3.3 Microwave absorption mechanism
3.4 Absorber design processes
3.5 Flexible metamaterial absorber designs
3.6 Discussions
3.7 Future works
3.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter Dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber with high sensitivity for sensing applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The unit cell model's design
4.3 Results and analysis
4.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter Metamaterial energy harvesters.
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Piezoelectric-based acoustic and acoustoelastic wave energy harvesting
5.3 RF regime energy harvesting
5.4 Infrared and visible regime energy harvesting
5.5 Results and discussions
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) in metamaterials
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Operational principles of periodic structures
6.3 Explanation of the functional mechanism of frequency selective surfaces
6.4 Equivalent circuit of FSS
6.5 Applications of FSS
6.5.1 Spatial filter based on FSS
6.5.2 Integration of the FSS with antennas
6.5.3 MIMO system based on FSSs
6.5.4 Electromagnetic shielding based on FSS
6.5.5 Meta-skin
6.5.6 3D FSS structures
6.5.7 Reconfigurable FSS
6.5.8 FSS impacted textiles
6.6 Effective approaches for analyzing, optimizing, and fabricating frequency selective surfaces
6.7 Results and discussion
6.8 Conclusion
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter Metasurfaces
7.1 Introduction
7.2 About MSs
7.2.1 The generalized law of refraction
7.2.2 Huygens' MS
7.2.3 MSs based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase
7.3 Applications of MSs
7.3.1 Polarization
7.3.2 MS-based polarization converters
7.3.3 MS-based polarization converter studies
7.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter Flexible metamaterials
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Flexible materials for MTMs
8.3 Electronics for flexible MTMs
8.4 Antennas for flexible MTMs
8.5 Energy harvesting for flexible MTMs
8.6 Flexible mechanical MTMs
8.7 Flexible THz MTMs
8.8 Discussion, challenges, and future perspectives
8.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter Acoustic metamaterials
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Negative refractive index of phononic crystals and acoustic lens property
9.1.2 Fractal phononic crystals and their band structure.
9.2 Phononic crystal based tunable piezoelectric waveguide
9.3 Second harmonic generation in acoustic metamaterials
9.4 Acoustic subwavelength structures
9.4.1 FEM model of resonant arrays for numerical analysis
9.4.2 Transmission analysis
9.4.3 Complementary split rectangular resonator (CSRR) locally resonant sonic crystal
9.5 Acoustic Weyl point materials
9.5.1 Design of a phononic crystal with type-III Weyl points
9.6 Challenges and future works
9.7 Conclusion
Author contributions
Data availability statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
Chapter Data-driven modeling of microstrip reflectarray unit element design
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methods
10.3 Modeling of the RA unit element
10.4 Sampling strategies for gathering data points
10.5 Artificial intelligence based surrogate modeling
10.5.1 Artificial neural networks
10.5.2 Support vector regression machine
10.5.3 Ensemble learning
10.5.4 Gaussian process regression
10.5.5 Deep neural network
10.5.6 Hyperparameter optimization
10.5.7 Benchmarking
10.6 Results and discussion
10.7 Challenges and future works
References
Chapter Metamaterials for sensing and biomedical applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Theory and analytical treatment of a prism-coupled waveguide sensor
11.2.1 Results and discussion of PCWS
11.3 Hyperbolic metamaterial-based sensor for detection of cancer cells
11.3.1 Results and discussion
11.4 Nanoscale sensor for temperature sensing
11.4.1 Theory and design of a temperature sensor
11.5 Conclusion and future work
Author contributions
Data availability statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter Metamaterial signal absorbers and applications
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Absorption mechanism.
12.3 Multiple reflection
12.4 Absorber applications
12.5 Absorber designs for energy harvesting
12.6 Absorber for solar energy
12.7 Absorber for sensor applications
12.8 Tunable metamaterial absorber
12.9 Conclusion
References.