Supercapacitor Technology : Materials, Processes and Architectures. Supercapacitor technology : materials, processes and architectures / edited by Inamuddin [three others].

Intro
front-matter
Table of Contents
Preface
1
Organic Electrolytes for Supercapacitors
1. Introduction
2. Solvents
3. Solutes
4. Different electrode materials conjunction with their organic electrolytes
Conclusion
References
2
Inorganic Electrolytes in Supercapacitor
1. Introduction
2. Taxonomy of supercapacitor
3. Fundamentals of supercapacitor
4. Parameters affected by electrolyte
5. Electrolyte
5.1 Liquid electrolyte
5.1.1 Aqueous electrolytes
5.1.2 Organic electrolytes (OEs)
5.1.3 Ionic electrolytes
5.2 Solid or quasi-solid electrolytes
5.2.1 Polymer electrolytes (Solid state organic electrolytes)
5.2.2 Inorganic solid state electrolytes
Conclusion
References
3
Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitor Applications
1. Introduction
2. Gel polymer electrolytes
2.1 Li-ion based gel polymer electrolytes
2.2 Proton conducting gel polymer electrolyte
2.3 Alkaline based gel polymer electrolytes
2.4 Ionic liquid based gel polymer based electrolyte
Conclusion
References
4
Redox Electrolytes/Mediators for Supercapacitors
1. Introduction
2. Types of Supercapacitors
2.1 Carbon EDLC
2.2 Metal oxide supercapacitors
2.3 Conducting polymer supercapacitors
2.4 Redox electrolyte supercapacitors
2.5 Hybrid supercapacitors
2.6 Supercapacitor versus rechargeable battery
2.7 The limitation of capacity by number of ions in the electrolyte
2.8 Metrics for performance evaluation
3. Redox species or mediators in electrolytes
4. Redox electrolyte-mediator supercapacitors
5. Solid-state Redox electrolyte-mediator supercapacitors
6. Nanomaterials based redox electrolyte supercapacitors
Conclusion
References
5
Separators for Supercapacitors
1. Introduction.

2. Properties of separators for supercapacitors
3. Motivation
4. Cellulose separator
5. Filter paper as a separator
6. Glass wool as a separator
7. Polymer
7.1 Poly (vinylidene fluoride)-based separator
7.2 Poly (aryl ether sulfone) separator
7.3 Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based separator
7.4 Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)
7.5 Conductive polymer
7.6 Polymer modification
7.7 Composite Gel/Membrane
7.8 Biomass and biowaste materials as a separator
8. Graphene oxide (GO) separator
Conclusions and perspectives
References
6
Starch-Based Electrolytes: An Eco-Friendly and Economical Option for Flexible Supercapacitor
1. Introduction
2. Starch-based mixed polymer electrolytes
3. Starch-based electrolyte using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker
3.1 Synthesis protocol of glutaraldehyde crosslinked starch-based electrolyte
3.2 Electrochemical behavior of GA crosslinked starch electrolytes
Summary
References
7
Pseudocapacitors
1. Introduction
2. Redox pseudocapacitive electrode materials
2.1 Transition metal oxides
2.2 Transition metal sulfides
2.3 Metal nitrides nanomaterials
2.4 Layered metal hydroxides
2.5 Conducting polymers
3. Intercalation Pseudocapacitive electrode materials
3.1 Metal oxides
3.2 Lithium/Sodium metal oxide-based electrode
3.3 Transition metal carbides
Conclusions
Rrferences
8
Carbon Nanoarchitectures for Supercapacitor Applications
1. Introduction
1.1 Capacitors
1.2 Supercapacitors
1.3 Supercapacitors vs. batteries
1.4 Electrical energy storage in supercapacitors
1.4.1 Electric double layer capacitance
1.4.2 Pseudocapacitance
1.5 Construction of a supercapacitor cell
1.6 Carbon as electrode
1.6.1 Change in electrical properties of carbon materials.

2. Electrochemical characterization of EDLC based carbon materials
2.1 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies of carbon electrode based supercapacitors
2.2 Galvanostatic charge/discharge for EDLC based carbon electrodes
2.3 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for carbon electrodes
3. Various architectures of carbon as supercapacitor electrodes
3.1 Activated materials
3.1.1 Activated carbon
3.1.1.1 Carbonization
3.1.1.2 Activation
3.1.1.3 Modifying the surface of activated carbons
3.1.1.4 Supercapacitance exhibited by activated carbons
3.1.2 Carbon fibres
3.1.3 Carbon aerogels
3.1.3.1 Activated carbon aerogels
3.1.4 Glassy carbon
3.1.4.1 Activated glassy carbons
3.2 Non-activated materials
3.2.1 Carbon blacks
3.2.2 Carbide-derived carbons
3.3 Graphene-structured materials
3.3.1 Fullerenes: 0D
3.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes: 1D
3.3.3 Graphene sheets: 2D
3.3.4 Vertical Graphene Nanowalls: 3D
Summary
List of Abbreviations
References
9
Photo-Supercapacitor
1. Introduction
2. Mechanism of photo-supercapacitor
3. Research progress on photo-supercapacitors
Summary and Future Scope
References
10
Novel Bimetal Oxides/Sulfides Composites Electrodes for Electrochemical Supercapacitors
1. Introduction
2. Fundamentals of electrochemical supercapacitors
2.1 Electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC)
2.2 Pseudocapacitors
2.3 Symmetric supercapacitors
2.4 Asymmetric supercapacitors
3. Electrode materials
3.1 Metal oxides/sulfides
3.1.1 Nickel oxide (NiO) based supercapacitors
3.1.2 Nickel sulfide (Ni3S2) based supercapacitors
3.1.3 Zinc oxide (ZnO) based supercapacitors
3.2 Bimetal oxides/sulfides composites
3.2.1 Nickel molybdenum oxide based supercapacitors
3.2.2 Cobalt molybdenum oxide based supercapacitors.

3.2.3 Iron cobalt oxygen based supercapacitors
3.2.4 Iron cobalt sulfur based supercapacitors
4. Electrolytes
4.1 Aqueous electrolytes
4.2 Organic electrolytes
5. Synthesis approach for electrode materials
5.1 In-Situ polymerization
5.2 Direct coating
5.3 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
5.4 Hydrothermal synthesis
5.5 Vacuum filtration technique
6. Performances of supercapacitors
7. Trends, challenges, and future tasks in supercapacitors
Summary
References
back-matter
Keyword Index
About the Editors.