Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
Intro
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Copyright
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Contents
Chapter 1: Human brain function and brain-computer interfaces
Introduction
History of Linking Brain to Behavior
Measurement of Brain Functions
Electrical recording
Cerebrovascular recording
How do imaging techniques compare?
Functional Organization
Motor cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Visual cortex
Auditory cortex
Cognition
Future Perspective
References
Chapter 2: Brain-computer interfaces: Definitions and principles
Definitions
Brain-computer interface
Related terms
Adaptive neurotechnologies
Key Issues
BCIs create artificial CNS outputs
BCI operation requires the effective interaction of two adaptive controllers
Selecting signal types and CNS regions
Detecting and avoiding artifacts
BCI output commands can either select goals or control processes
Creating and disseminating important BCI applications
Conclusions
References
Further Reading
Chapter 3: Stroke and potential benefits of brain-computer interface
Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis
Lesion core and penumbra
Remote damage
Stroke Recovery Between Myth and Reality
Functional Related Plasticity
The BCI Copernican Revolution: From Environmental Control to Scouting Brain Changes
Acknowledgment
References
Further Reading
Chapter 4: Brain-computer interfaces for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
The Need for a BCI
BCI Research With People With ALS to Date
Translating BCIs for People With ALS
Acknowledgment
References
Further Reading
Chapter 5: Brain damage by trauma
Background
General Considerations for the Use of BCI Tools in TBI.
Alterations in brain connectivity after TBI: Implications for BCI
What Is the Existing Knowledge on BCI Application to TBI?
Neurofeedback
BCIs involving noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation
Deep brain stimulation-based BCIs
Future Directions for BCI Therapies in TBI
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 6: Spinal cord lesions
Introduction
Prevalence, incidence, and etiology of SCI
Patterns of Recovery and Rehabilitation After SCI
Neurologic and functional recovery after SCI
Motor rehabilitation after SCI
Brain-computer interfaces in SCI rehabilitation
Impact of SCI on Brain Structures and Function
SCI-associated anatomic and neurophysiologic changes of the brain at rest
Functional brain reorganization in SCI contingent upon action-related tasks
Brain reorganization after SCI related to motor imagery
Performance of BCIs based on motor imagery after SCI
SCI-Related Confounding Factors on BCI Performance
Spasmolytic medication
Chronic, neuropathic pain
Recommendations for Characterization of Study Participants With SCI
References
Chapter 7: Brain-computer interfaces for communication
Locked-in Syndrome
Definition
Etiology
Prevalence
Quality of life
Traditional Solutions for Communication
BCI Solutions for Communication
Noninvasive BCIs for communication
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Advantages and disadvantages of fMRI-BCIs
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Advantages and disadvantages of fNIRS-BCIs
Electroencephalography
Sensorimotor rhythms
The P300-BCI
Other evoked potentials
Advantages and disadvantages of EEG-BCIs
Implanted BCIs for communication
Electrocorticography
Direct decoding of speech and language using ECoG BCIs
P300 from ECoG
ECoG brain clicks for communication in LIS.
Intracortical spike-based BCIs for communication
Intracortical BCIs for decoding movement intention
Intracortical direct speech BCIs
Advantages and disadvantages of implanted BCIs
Issues to be Solved
Usability
Generalization to people with LIS and CLIS
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 8: Applications of brain-computer interfaces to the control of robotic and prosthetic arms
Introduction
Recording Neural Activity
Decoding Neural Activity
Shared Autonomy
Concluding Remarks and Future Challenges
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 9: Brain-computer interfaces in neurologic rehabilitation practice
Brain-Computer Interface in Neurologic Rehabilitation Practice: How Application Enhances Outcome and Technology Breaks T
Rationale for BCI Use in Rehabilitation: Improving Recovery of Motor Function
Mechanisms underlying functional motor recovery after stroke
Relevance of signals in designing BCI for motor rehabilitation
Relevance of tasks in designing BCI for motor rehabilitation
Relevance of feedback modality in designing BCI for motor rehabilitation
BCI-based motor rehabilitation in SCI: Beyond neuroprosthetics control
Rationale for BCI Use in Rehabilitation: Addressing Recovery of Cognitive Function
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 10: Video games as rich environments to foster brain plasticity
Introduction
Top-Down Attention and Reward as Drivers of Neuroplasticity
Attentional control and brain plasticity
Reward mechanisms and brain plasticity
Interaction between top-down and bottom-up modulators of plasticity
Video Games and Neurofeedback as Means to Promote Brain Plasticity
Action video games: Characteristics that promote learning and generalization
Action video games, attentional control, and learning.
Beyond video games: Designing cognitive exercises to enhance brain plasticity
Dual-task and task switching training
Distractor suppression training
Video game mechanics that foster brain plasticity
Real-World Examples of Video Games Used for Rehabilitation in Clinical Populations
Video game training in vision: The case of amblyopia (``lazy eye)́́
Video games to enhance performance following brain injury
The EVERST trial
The Active Brain Trainer (ABT)
Video games which train emotion regulation and mood control
The Future: Incorporating Gaming and Neurofeedback to Enhance Attentional Control
Neurofeedback and modulation of attentional control
Neurofeedback-informed video games: Near-future drivers of plasticity
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interests
References
Chapter 11: Brain-computer interfaces for consciousness assessment and communication in severely brain-injured patients
Introduction
Disorders of consciousness and clinical guidelines
The beginnings of BCI research in DOC patients
Awareness Detection, Command Following, and Communication
P3-based BCIs
Active P3 tasks
P3 for prediction of recovery in the acute stage
Considerations regarding P3 paradigm
Motor imagery-based BCIs
Steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs)
Spelling devices
Alternatives to brain activity-based BCIs
Future Directions of BCI Research for DOC Patients
Future directions for existing BCI approaches
Advances in data processing
General guidelines for BCIs in DOC patients
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12: Smart neuromodulation in movement disorders
Introduction
External Recording Devices and Tremor Modulation
Beta Oscillations and Controlling Bradykinesia in PD
Devices for Chronic Recording and Stimulation.
Control Strategies Based on Cortical Beta Band Synchronization
Gamma Oscillations and Dyskinesia
Closed Loop Neuromodulation in Other Neurologic Disorders
Future Directions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Bidirectional brain-computer interfaces
Neuroscience of Bidirectional BCIs
Deriving movement commands from the motor cortex
Importance of sensory feedback in hand control
Somatosensory receptors and the pathway to the brain
Somatosensory cortex
History of Human Cortical Stimulation
Current Approaches in Human Bidirectional BCI
Cortical surface stimulation
Intracortical microstimulation
Alternative approaches
Optogenetics
Magnetic stimulation
Peripheral nerve stimulation
Thalamic stimulation
Challenges to Implementing Bidirectional BCIs
Stimulus artifact
Electrode design and placement
Biomimetic vs nonbiomimetic stimulation
Electric stimulation safety
Outcome assessment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Brain-computer interfaces and virtual reality for neurorehabilitation
Introduction
BCI-Based Interaction With VR
Active control
Reactive interaction
Mental states
BCI Neurorehabilitation Applications With VR
Virtual Embodiment
The NeuroGoggles Device
Future Directions
References
Chapter 15: Monitoring performance of professional and occupational operators
Passive Brain-Computer Interface (pBCI) in Industrial Contexts
Passive Brain-Computer Interface Applications
Driving
Aviation
Air traffic management
Other applications
Future Trends in Passive Brain-Computer Interface
References
Further Reading
Chapter 16: Self-health monitoring and wearable neurotechnologies
Introduction
Wearable Neurotechnologies
Applications
Fundamental research
From virtual reality to real-world applications.
Science and education.
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Copyright
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Contents
Chapter 1: Human brain function and brain-computer interfaces
Introduction
History of Linking Brain to Behavior
Measurement of Brain Functions
Electrical recording
Cerebrovascular recording
How do imaging techniques compare?
Functional Organization
Motor cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Visual cortex
Auditory cortex
Cognition
Future Perspective
References
Chapter 2: Brain-computer interfaces: Definitions and principles
Definitions
Brain-computer interface
Related terms
Adaptive neurotechnologies
Key Issues
BCIs create artificial CNS outputs
BCI operation requires the effective interaction of two adaptive controllers
Selecting signal types and CNS regions
Detecting and avoiding artifacts
BCI output commands can either select goals or control processes
Creating and disseminating important BCI applications
Conclusions
References
Further Reading
Chapter 3: Stroke and potential benefits of brain-computer interface
Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis
Lesion core and penumbra
Remote damage
Stroke Recovery Between Myth and Reality
Functional Related Plasticity
The BCI Copernican Revolution: From Environmental Control to Scouting Brain Changes
Acknowledgment
References
Further Reading
Chapter 4: Brain-computer interfaces for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
The Need for a BCI
BCI Research With People With ALS to Date
Translating BCIs for People With ALS
Acknowledgment
References
Further Reading
Chapter 5: Brain damage by trauma
Background
General Considerations for the Use of BCI Tools in TBI.
Alterations in brain connectivity after TBI: Implications for BCI
What Is the Existing Knowledge on BCI Application to TBI?
Neurofeedback
BCIs involving noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation
Deep brain stimulation-based BCIs
Future Directions for BCI Therapies in TBI
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 6: Spinal cord lesions
Introduction
Prevalence, incidence, and etiology of SCI
Patterns of Recovery and Rehabilitation After SCI
Neurologic and functional recovery after SCI
Motor rehabilitation after SCI
Brain-computer interfaces in SCI rehabilitation
Impact of SCI on Brain Structures and Function
SCI-associated anatomic and neurophysiologic changes of the brain at rest
Functional brain reorganization in SCI contingent upon action-related tasks
Brain reorganization after SCI related to motor imagery
Performance of BCIs based on motor imagery after SCI
SCI-Related Confounding Factors on BCI Performance
Spasmolytic medication
Chronic, neuropathic pain
Recommendations for Characterization of Study Participants With SCI
References
Chapter 7: Brain-computer interfaces for communication
Locked-in Syndrome
Definition
Etiology
Prevalence
Quality of life
Traditional Solutions for Communication
BCI Solutions for Communication
Noninvasive BCIs for communication
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Advantages and disadvantages of fMRI-BCIs
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Advantages and disadvantages of fNIRS-BCIs
Electroencephalography
Sensorimotor rhythms
The P300-BCI
Other evoked potentials
Advantages and disadvantages of EEG-BCIs
Implanted BCIs for communication
Electrocorticography
Direct decoding of speech and language using ECoG BCIs
P300 from ECoG
ECoG brain clicks for communication in LIS.
Intracortical spike-based BCIs for communication
Intracortical BCIs for decoding movement intention
Intracortical direct speech BCIs
Advantages and disadvantages of implanted BCIs
Issues to be Solved
Usability
Generalization to people with LIS and CLIS
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 8: Applications of brain-computer interfaces to the control of robotic and prosthetic arms
Introduction
Recording Neural Activity
Decoding Neural Activity
Shared Autonomy
Concluding Remarks and Future Challenges
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 9: Brain-computer interfaces in neurologic rehabilitation practice
Brain-Computer Interface in Neurologic Rehabilitation Practice: How Application Enhances Outcome and Technology Breaks T
Rationale for BCI Use in Rehabilitation: Improving Recovery of Motor Function
Mechanisms underlying functional motor recovery after stroke
Relevance of signals in designing BCI for motor rehabilitation
Relevance of tasks in designing BCI for motor rehabilitation
Relevance of feedback modality in designing BCI for motor rehabilitation
BCI-based motor rehabilitation in SCI: Beyond neuroprosthetics control
Rationale for BCI Use in Rehabilitation: Addressing Recovery of Cognitive Function
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 10: Video games as rich environments to foster brain plasticity
Introduction
Top-Down Attention and Reward as Drivers of Neuroplasticity
Attentional control and brain plasticity
Reward mechanisms and brain plasticity
Interaction between top-down and bottom-up modulators of plasticity
Video Games and Neurofeedback as Means to Promote Brain Plasticity
Action video games: Characteristics that promote learning and generalization
Action video games, attentional control, and learning.
Beyond video games: Designing cognitive exercises to enhance brain plasticity
Dual-task and task switching training
Distractor suppression training
Video game mechanics that foster brain plasticity
Real-World Examples of Video Games Used for Rehabilitation in Clinical Populations
Video game training in vision: The case of amblyopia (``lazy eye)́́
Video games to enhance performance following brain injury
The EVERST trial
The Active Brain Trainer (ABT)
Video games which train emotion regulation and mood control
The Future: Incorporating Gaming and Neurofeedback to Enhance Attentional Control
Neurofeedback and modulation of attentional control
Neurofeedback-informed video games: Near-future drivers of plasticity
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interests
References
Chapter 11: Brain-computer interfaces for consciousness assessment and communication in severely brain-injured patients
Introduction
Disorders of consciousness and clinical guidelines
The beginnings of BCI research in DOC patients
Awareness Detection, Command Following, and Communication
P3-based BCIs
Active P3 tasks
P3 for prediction of recovery in the acute stage
Considerations regarding P3 paradigm
Motor imagery-based BCIs
Steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs)
Spelling devices
Alternatives to brain activity-based BCIs
Future Directions of BCI Research for DOC Patients
Future directions for existing BCI approaches
Advances in data processing
General guidelines for BCIs in DOC patients
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12: Smart neuromodulation in movement disorders
Introduction
External Recording Devices and Tremor Modulation
Beta Oscillations and Controlling Bradykinesia in PD
Devices for Chronic Recording and Stimulation.
Control Strategies Based on Cortical Beta Band Synchronization
Gamma Oscillations and Dyskinesia
Closed Loop Neuromodulation in Other Neurologic Disorders
Future Directions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Bidirectional brain-computer interfaces
Neuroscience of Bidirectional BCIs
Deriving movement commands from the motor cortex
Importance of sensory feedback in hand control
Somatosensory receptors and the pathway to the brain
Somatosensory cortex
History of Human Cortical Stimulation
Current Approaches in Human Bidirectional BCI
Cortical surface stimulation
Intracortical microstimulation
Alternative approaches
Optogenetics
Magnetic stimulation
Peripheral nerve stimulation
Thalamic stimulation
Challenges to Implementing Bidirectional BCIs
Stimulus artifact
Electrode design and placement
Biomimetic vs nonbiomimetic stimulation
Electric stimulation safety
Outcome assessment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Brain-computer interfaces and virtual reality for neurorehabilitation
Introduction
BCI-Based Interaction With VR
Active control
Reactive interaction
Mental states
BCI Neurorehabilitation Applications With VR
Virtual Embodiment
The NeuroGoggles Device
Future Directions
References
Chapter 15: Monitoring performance of professional and occupational operators
Passive Brain-Computer Interface (pBCI) in Industrial Contexts
Passive Brain-Computer Interface Applications
Driving
Aviation
Air traffic management
Other applications
Future Trends in Passive Brain-Computer Interface
References
Further Reading
Chapter 16: Self-health monitoring and wearable neurotechnologies
Introduction
Wearable Neurotechnologies
Applications
Fundamental research
From virtual reality to real-world applications.
Science and education.