Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
Front Cover
Manual of Engineering Drawing
Manual of Engineering Drawing
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 - Design office management and organization
Engineering drawing practices
Drawing practice and the computer (CAD: computer aided draughting and design)
A drawing standard
Revisions
The replacement of BS 308
BS 8888. Technical product documentation and specification
Basic differences
2 - Product development and computer aided design
Computer aided draughting and design
Technical product documentation
Access into the computer network
Quality assurance
3 - Design for manufacture to end of life
4 - Intellectual property and engineering design
Patents
Designs
Registered design rights
Unregistered design rights
Copyright
Trademarks
Important points to remember
5 - CAD organization and applications
Computer and software purchase
Project development
Size of computer
Parametric design
Sheet metalwork application
Pipework systems
Communicating design concepts
Mockups and prototypes
Production
Rendering controls
Materials options
6 - Principles of first and third angle orthographic projection
First angle projection
Third angle projection
Projection symbols
Drawing procedure
Reading engineering drawings
Projection exercises
Straight line examples
Examples involving radii and holes (Fig. 6.18)
Examples with missing lines (first angle projection) (Fig. 6.19)
Examples with missing views (first angle projection) (Fig. 6.20)
First angle projection examples with plotted curves (Fig. 6.22)
Pictorial sketching from orthographic views
Geometric solids in third angle projection
Sectional views in third angle projection
Dimensioning examples (first angle projection).
7 - Linework and lettering
Drawing paper sizes
Presentation
Types of line and their application
Chain lines
Coinciding lines
Lettering
Minimum character height for capital letters and numerals
Drawing modifications
Care and storage of hard copy original drawings
8 - Three-dimensional illustrations using isometric and oblique projection
Isometric projection
Oblique projection
9 - Drawing layouts and simplified methods
Single-part drawing
Collective single-part drawings
Assembly drawings
Collective assembly drawing
Design layout drawings
Combined detail and assembly drawings
Exploded assembly drawings
Simplified drawings
Machine drawings
Drawing scales
Scale used in geometric construction
Division of lines
Diagonal scales
Plain scales
Abbreviations
10 - Sections and sectional views
Half sections
Revolved sections
Removed sections
Sections through thin material
Local sections
Components not drawn in section
Successive sections
Sections in two parallel planes
11 - Geometrical constructions and tangency
To bisect a given angle AOB (Fig. 11.1)
To bisect a given straight line AB (Fig. 11.2)
To bisect a given arc AB (Fig. 11.3)
To find the center of a given arc AB (Fig. 11.4)
To inscribe a circle in a given triangle ABC (Fig. 11.5)
To circumscribe a circle around triangle ABC (Fig. 11.6)
To draw a hexagon, given the distance across the corners
Method A (Fig. 11.7)
Method B (Fig. 11.7A)
To draw a hexagon, given the distance across the flats (Fig. 11.8)
To draw a regular octagon, given the distance across corners (Fig. 11.9)
To draw a regular octagon, given the distance across the flats (Fig. 11.10)
To draw a regular polygon, given the length of the sides (Fig. 11.11)
Tangency.
To draw a tangent to a point a on the circumference of a circle, center O (Fig. 11.13)
To draw a tangent to a circle from any given point a outside the circle (Fig. 11.14)
To draw an external tangent to two circles (Fig. 11.15)
To draw an internal tangent to two circles (Fig. 11.16)
To draw internal and external tangents to two circles of equal diameter (Fig. 11.17)
To draw a curve of given radius to touch two circles when the circles are outside the radius (Fig. 11.18)
To draw a curve of given radius to touch two circles when the circles are inside the radius (Fig. 11.19)
To draw a radius to join a straight line and a given circle (Fig. 11.20)
To draw a radius which is tangential to given straight lines (Fig. 11.21)
12 - Loci applications
Methods of drawing an ellipse
Two-circle method
Trammel method
To draw an ellipse using the two foci
The involute
Involute construction
Alternative method
Archimedean spiral
Right-hand cylindrical helix
Right-hand conical helix
The cycloid
The epicycloid
The hypocycloid
13 - True lengths and auxiliary views
14 - Conic sections and interpenetration of solids
To draw an ellipse from part of a cone
To draw a parabola from part of a cone
To draw a rectangular hyperbola from part of a cone
Interpenetration
15 - Development of patterns from sheet materials
16 - Dimensioning principles
Property indicators
Dimensioning of features not drawn to scale
Chain dimensioning and auxiliary dimensioning
Parallel dimensioning
Running dimensioning
Staggered and simplified dimensions
Dimensioning circles
Dimensioning radii
Dimensioning spherical radii and diameters
Dimensioning curves
Dimensioning curves using arc length, chord length or angular distance
Dimensioning Irregular Curves.
Unidirectional and aligned dimensions
Angular dimensions
Tapers
Dimensioning tapers
Dimensioning two mating tapers
Dimensioning chamfers
Dimensioning squares or flats
Dimensioning holes
Dimensioning counterbores
Dimensioning countersunk holes
Dimensioning spotfaces
Dimensioning of thin parts
Dimensioning of developed parts
Dimensioning restricted areas
Use of the between symbol
Dimensioning of edges
Dimensioning for manufacture
17 - Screw threads and conventional representations
Screw threads
ISO metric threads
Unified threads
Threads for power transmission
Square thread (Fig. 17.9)
Acme thread (Fig. 17.10)
Buttress thread (Fig. 17.11)
Draughting conventions associated with threads
Multiple threads
The application of thread conventions
Tapping drill
Clearance drill
18 - Nuts, bolts, screws, and washers
Drawing nuts and bolts
Approximate construction for nuts and bolts (Figs. 18.2 and 18.3)
Stage 1
Stage 2
Socket head screws manufactured to BS EN ISO 4762 and BS 3643-2
ISO metric hexagon socket cap screws (dimensions in Table 18.2)
ISO metric hexagon socket shoulder screws (dimensions in Table 18.3)
ISO metric hexagon socket button head screws (dimensions in Table 18.4)
ISO metric hexagon socket countersunk head screws (dimensions in Table 18.5)
ISO metric hexagon socket set screws (dimensions in Table 18.6)
Machine screws
Machine screw nuts
Wing nuts
Locking and retaining devices
Slotted nuts and castle nuts
Simmonds locknut
Spring washers
Shakeproof washers
Wire locking
Tab washers
Locking plates
Taper pins and parallel pins
Split cotter pins
Locking by adhesives
Peening
Thread-cutting screws
19 - Keys and key ways
Sunk keys
Woodruff keys.
Dimensioning keyways (parallel keys)
20 - Worked examples in machine drawing
Bushed bearing bracket
Drill table
Cam operated clamp
Plug cock
Air engine
Toolbox
Solution notes
Bushed bearing bracket (Fig. 20.7)
Drill table (Fig. 20.8)
Cam operated clamp (Fig. 20.9)
Plug cock assembly (Fig. 20.10)
Air engine assembly (Fig. 20.11)
21 - Limits and fits
Elements of interchangeable systems (Fig. 21.9)
Unilateral and bilateral limits
Bases of fits
Selected ISO fits - hole basis (extracted from BS 4500)
Interpretations of limits of size in relation to form
22 - Geometrical tolerancing and datums
Geometrical tolerances
Applications
Advantages
General rules
Theoretically Exact Dimensions (TEDs)
Definitions
Method of indicating geometrical tolerances on drawings
Methods of applying the tolerance frame to the toleranced feature
Procedure for positioning remarks which are related to tolerance
The application of tolerances to a restricted length of a feature
Tolerance zones
Projected toleranced zone
Datums and Datum Systems
Definitions
Datums
Methods of specifying datum features
Datum systems
Common datums
Datum targets
Datum target symbols
Indication of datum targets
Practical application of datum targets
Dimensioning and tolerancing non-rigid parts
Definitions
23 - Application of geometrical tolerances
Straightness
Case 1
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Case 2
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Case 3
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Case 4
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Flatness
Case 1
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Case 2
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Circularity (roundness)
Case 1
Product requirement.
Drawing instruction.
Manual of Engineering Drawing
Manual of Engineering Drawing
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 - Design office management and organization
Engineering drawing practices
Drawing practice and the computer (CAD: computer aided draughting and design)
A drawing standard
Revisions
The replacement of BS 308
BS 8888. Technical product documentation and specification
Basic differences
2 - Product development and computer aided design
Computer aided draughting and design
Technical product documentation
Access into the computer network
Quality assurance
3 - Design for manufacture to end of life
4 - Intellectual property and engineering design
Patents
Designs
Registered design rights
Unregistered design rights
Copyright
Trademarks
Important points to remember
5 - CAD organization and applications
Computer and software purchase
Project development
Size of computer
Parametric design
Sheet metalwork application
Pipework systems
Communicating design concepts
Mockups and prototypes
Production
Rendering controls
Materials options
6 - Principles of first and third angle orthographic projection
First angle projection
Third angle projection
Projection symbols
Drawing procedure
Reading engineering drawings
Projection exercises
Straight line examples
Examples involving radii and holes (Fig. 6.18)
Examples with missing lines (first angle projection) (Fig. 6.19)
Examples with missing views (first angle projection) (Fig. 6.20)
First angle projection examples with plotted curves (Fig. 6.22)
Pictorial sketching from orthographic views
Geometric solids in third angle projection
Sectional views in third angle projection
Dimensioning examples (first angle projection).
7 - Linework and lettering
Drawing paper sizes
Presentation
Types of line and their application
Chain lines
Coinciding lines
Lettering
Minimum character height for capital letters and numerals
Drawing modifications
Care and storage of hard copy original drawings
8 - Three-dimensional illustrations using isometric and oblique projection
Isometric projection
Oblique projection
9 - Drawing layouts and simplified methods
Single-part drawing
Collective single-part drawings
Assembly drawings
Collective assembly drawing
Design layout drawings
Combined detail and assembly drawings
Exploded assembly drawings
Simplified drawings
Machine drawings
Drawing scales
Scale used in geometric construction
Division of lines
Diagonal scales
Plain scales
Abbreviations
10 - Sections and sectional views
Half sections
Revolved sections
Removed sections
Sections through thin material
Local sections
Components not drawn in section
Successive sections
Sections in two parallel planes
11 - Geometrical constructions and tangency
To bisect a given angle AOB (Fig. 11.1)
To bisect a given straight line AB (Fig. 11.2)
To bisect a given arc AB (Fig. 11.3)
To find the center of a given arc AB (Fig. 11.4)
To inscribe a circle in a given triangle ABC (Fig. 11.5)
To circumscribe a circle around triangle ABC (Fig. 11.6)
To draw a hexagon, given the distance across the corners
Method A (Fig. 11.7)
Method B (Fig. 11.7A)
To draw a hexagon, given the distance across the flats (Fig. 11.8)
To draw a regular octagon, given the distance across corners (Fig. 11.9)
To draw a regular octagon, given the distance across the flats (Fig. 11.10)
To draw a regular polygon, given the length of the sides (Fig. 11.11)
Tangency.
To draw a tangent to a point a on the circumference of a circle, center O (Fig. 11.13)
To draw a tangent to a circle from any given point a outside the circle (Fig. 11.14)
To draw an external tangent to two circles (Fig. 11.15)
To draw an internal tangent to two circles (Fig. 11.16)
To draw internal and external tangents to two circles of equal diameter (Fig. 11.17)
To draw a curve of given radius to touch two circles when the circles are outside the radius (Fig. 11.18)
To draw a curve of given radius to touch two circles when the circles are inside the radius (Fig. 11.19)
To draw a radius to join a straight line and a given circle (Fig. 11.20)
To draw a radius which is tangential to given straight lines (Fig. 11.21)
12 - Loci applications
Methods of drawing an ellipse
Two-circle method
Trammel method
To draw an ellipse using the two foci
The involute
Involute construction
Alternative method
Archimedean spiral
Right-hand cylindrical helix
Right-hand conical helix
The cycloid
The epicycloid
The hypocycloid
13 - True lengths and auxiliary views
14 - Conic sections and interpenetration of solids
To draw an ellipse from part of a cone
To draw a parabola from part of a cone
To draw a rectangular hyperbola from part of a cone
Interpenetration
15 - Development of patterns from sheet materials
16 - Dimensioning principles
Property indicators
Dimensioning of features not drawn to scale
Chain dimensioning and auxiliary dimensioning
Parallel dimensioning
Running dimensioning
Staggered and simplified dimensions
Dimensioning circles
Dimensioning radii
Dimensioning spherical radii and diameters
Dimensioning curves
Dimensioning curves using arc length, chord length or angular distance
Dimensioning Irregular Curves.
Unidirectional and aligned dimensions
Angular dimensions
Tapers
Dimensioning tapers
Dimensioning two mating tapers
Dimensioning chamfers
Dimensioning squares or flats
Dimensioning holes
Dimensioning counterbores
Dimensioning countersunk holes
Dimensioning spotfaces
Dimensioning of thin parts
Dimensioning of developed parts
Dimensioning restricted areas
Use of the between symbol
Dimensioning of edges
Dimensioning for manufacture
17 - Screw threads and conventional representations
Screw threads
ISO metric threads
Unified threads
Threads for power transmission
Square thread (Fig. 17.9)
Acme thread (Fig. 17.10)
Buttress thread (Fig. 17.11)
Draughting conventions associated with threads
Multiple threads
The application of thread conventions
Tapping drill
Clearance drill
18 - Nuts, bolts, screws, and washers
Drawing nuts and bolts
Approximate construction for nuts and bolts (Figs. 18.2 and 18.3)
Stage 1
Stage 2
Socket head screws manufactured to BS EN ISO 4762 and BS 3643-2
ISO metric hexagon socket cap screws (dimensions in Table 18.2)
ISO metric hexagon socket shoulder screws (dimensions in Table 18.3)
ISO metric hexagon socket button head screws (dimensions in Table 18.4)
ISO metric hexagon socket countersunk head screws (dimensions in Table 18.5)
ISO metric hexagon socket set screws (dimensions in Table 18.6)
Machine screws
Machine screw nuts
Wing nuts
Locking and retaining devices
Slotted nuts and castle nuts
Simmonds locknut
Spring washers
Shakeproof washers
Wire locking
Tab washers
Locking plates
Taper pins and parallel pins
Split cotter pins
Locking by adhesives
Peening
Thread-cutting screws
19 - Keys and key ways
Sunk keys
Woodruff keys.
Dimensioning keyways (parallel keys)
20 - Worked examples in machine drawing
Bushed bearing bracket
Drill table
Cam operated clamp
Plug cock
Air engine
Toolbox
Solution notes
Bushed bearing bracket (Fig. 20.7)
Drill table (Fig. 20.8)
Cam operated clamp (Fig. 20.9)
Plug cock assembly (Fig. 20.10)
Air engine assembly (Fig. 20.11)
21 - Limits and fits
Elements of interchangeable systems (Fig. 21.9)
Unilateral and bilateral limits
Bases of fits
Selected ISO fits - hole basis (extracted from BS 4500)
Interpretations of limits of size in relation to form
22 - Geometrical tolerancing and datums
Geometrical tolerances
Applications
Advantages
General rules
Theoretically Exact Dimensions (TEDs)
Definitions
Method of indicating geometrical tolerances on drawings
Methods of applying the tolerance frame to the toleranced feature
Procedure for positioning remarks which are related to tolerance
The application of tolerances to a restricted length of a feature
Tolerance zones
Projected toleranced zone
Datums and Datum Systems
Definitions
Datums
Methods of specifying datum features
Datum systems
Common datums
Datum targets
Datum target symbols
Indication of datum targets
Practical application of datum targets
Dimensioning and tolerancing non-rigid parts
Definitions
23 - Application of geometrical tolerances
Straightness
Case 1
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Case 2
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Case 3
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Case 4
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Flatness
Case 1
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Case 2
Product requirement
Drawing instruction
Circularity (roundness)
Case 1
Product requirement.
Drawing instruction.