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Table of Contents
Front Cover
Global Groundwater
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
About the Editors
Forewords
I Foreword on groundwater as a resource
II Foreword on groundwater for society
III Foreword on groundwater for sustainability
IV Foreword on groundwater for future
V Foreword on groundwater research
Preface
Acknowledgment
Disclaimer
Introduction: Why Study Global Groundwater?
References
Theme 1 Global groundwater
1 Global groundwater: from scarcity to security through sustainability and solutions
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Groundwater source and availability
1.3 Groundwater scarcity
1.3.1 Quantity
1.3.2 Groundwater quality
1.4 Groundwater sustainability and security
1.4.1 Groundwater-food-energy nexus
1.4.2 Urbanization
1.4.3 Groundwater trade and hydro-economics
1.5 Solutions
1.5.1 Enhancing irrigation and urban groundwater efficiency
1.5.2 Groundwater rejuvenation
1.5.3 Desalination
1.6 Conclusion
References
Theme 2 Groundwater sources
2 Groundwater of carbonate aquifers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Carbonate geochemistry and hydrochemical evolution
2.3 Porosity and permeability
2.4 Recharge and flow
2.5 Water supply and environmental issues
2.6 Challenges in monitoring and modeling
2.7 Conclusion
References
3 Groundwater resources in Australia-their occurrence, management, and future challenges
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Groundwater resources in Australia
3.3 Historical development of groundwater
3.4 Evolution of groundwater management
3.5 Current groundwater usage
3.6 Groundwater management issues
3.6.1 Overuse and overallocation of groundwater
3.6.2 Groundwater-dependent ecosystems
3.6.3 Impacts of groundwater extraction on surface-water systems
3.6.4 Effect of climate change on groundwater resources.
3.6.5 Impacts of mining on groundwater resources
3.6.6 Land and groundwater salinization
3.6.7 Seawater intrusion
3.7 Future challenges
3.7.1 Managed aquifer recharge
3.7.2 Declining resources for understanding and managing groundwater
3.8 Conclusion
References
Further reading
4 Groundwater storage dynamics in the Himalayan river basins and impacts of global change in the Anthropocene
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Hydrology and climate of Himalayan river basins
4.2.1 The Indus river basin
4.2.2 The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river basin
4.2.3 The Irrawaddy river basin
4.3 Groundwater for drinking and agricultural use
4.4 Groundwater storage dynamics in Himalayan river basins
4.4.1 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment: Earth observation satellite monitoring
4.4.2 Dynamics in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment terrestrial water storage
4.4.3 Mapping groundwater storage using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
4.4.4 Reported changes of groundwater storage and impacts of global change
4.5 Concluding discussion
Acknowledgments
References
5 Groundwater variations in the North China Plain: monitoring and modeling under climate change and human activities toward...
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Impacts of human activities on groundwater in the North China Plain
5.3 Climate change impact on groundwater in the North China Plain
5.4 China's South-to-North Water Diversion
5.5 Review on groundwater storage assessment in the North China Plain
Acknowledgment
References
6 Emerging groundwater and surface water trends in Alberta, Canada
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Data and methods
6.2.1 Study region
6.2.2 Groundwater level observation
6.2.3 Observations of surface water
6.2.4 Rainfall and snowmelt water
6.3 Results and discussions.
6.3.1 Rainfall and snowmelt water
6.3.2 Surface water level changes
6.3.3 Groundwater level changes
6.4 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
7 Groundwater irrigation and implication in the Nile river basin
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Surface water in the Nile basin
7.3 Land use and irrigation in the Nile basin
7.4 Groundwater in the Nile basin
7.5 Aquifers in Nile riparian countries
7.5.1 Groundwater in Egypt
7.5.2 Groundwater in Sudan and South Sudan
7.5.3 Groundwater in Ethiopia
7.5.4 Groundwater in the Extended Lake Victoria basin
7.6 Discussion and conclusion
References
8 Groundwater availability and security in the Kingston Basin, Jamaica
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Kingston Hydrologic Basin
8.2.1 Population and water supply
8.2.2 Hydrogeology of the KHB
8.2.3 Climate of the KHB
8.3 Methodology and analytical procedures
8.3.1 Field work
8.3.2 Water quality analysis
8.4 Results and discussion
8.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
9 Transboundary aquifers: a shared subsurface asset, in urgent need of sound governance
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Definition of transboundary aquifer: international and intranational
9.3 Governance-collaboration, potential dispute resolution
9.4 Water availability as a driver for governance
9.5 Current global inventory and classification of transboundary aquifers
9.6 Review of recent developments-the Red Queen effect
9.7 The place of transboundary aquifers in national priorities
9.8 SDGs as a driver toward sound governance of transboundary aquifers
9.9 The climate change megatrend and relevance to transboundary aquifers
9.10 Transboundary aquifers under high developmental stress
9.11 Estimating the urgency of sound governance as a function of water abundance/water scarcity.
9.12 Case history: the Stampriet aquifer-Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa
9.13 Hurdles to progress in intercountry dialogue-the "invisibility cape"?
9.14 The hiatus in the progress to adoption of the Draft Articles
9.15 Conclusion: light at the end of the tunnel
Conflict of interest
Acknowledgment
References
10 Transboundary groundwater of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River delta system
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Geologic and geomorphologic setting
10.3 Aquifer framework
10.4 Groundwater flow system
10.5 Hydrogeochemistry
10.6 Groundwater arsenic contamination
10.7 Policy interventions and management options for arsenic mitigation
References
Further reading
Theme 3 Groundwater scarcity: quantity and quality
11 Groundwater drought: environmental controls and monitoring
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Environmental controls on groundwater
11.2.1 Precipitation
11.2.2 Subsurface hydrogeological conditions
11.2.3 Large-scale climate phenomena
11.3 Groundwater drought monitoring
11.3.1 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data assimilation for groundwater drought monitoring
11.3.2 Other groundwater drought indicators
11.4 Characteristics of groundwater drought at the global domain
11.5 Discussions and future research
References
12 Groundwater scarcity in the Middle East
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Water resources: current use and future trends
12.3 Impacts of water scarcity
12.3.1 Water resources and climate change
12.3.2 Water quality
12.4 Water resources management
12.4.1 Mitigation to water scarcity
12.4.1.1 Desalination
12.4.1.2 Treated wastewater reuse
12.4.1.3 Rainwater harvesting and artificial aquifer recharge
12.5 Case studies
12.5.1 Jordan River
12.5.2 Tigris-Euphrates River
12.5.3 Nile River.
12.5.3.1 Victoria Nile or the White Nile
12.5.3.2 Blue Nile River basin
References
13 Groundwater scarcity and management in the arid areas in East Africa
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Typical characteristics of the dryland areas
13.3 Typologies of hydrogeology difficulties in arid areas in the East Africa
13.3.1 Arid volcanic mountains (old rugged volcanics)
13.3.2 Rift volcanics and pyroclastics
13.3.3 Nazareth series ignimbrites
13.3.4 Extensive limestone and sandstone plateaus, rocky hills, and plains in arid environments
13.3.5 Extensive loose inland alluvio-lacustrine, inland deltaic, and coastal plain aquifers
13.3.5.1 Permissible hydrogeology environments
13.4 Current and past drinking water delivery practices
13.5 Securing water in difficult hydrogeological environments
13.5.1 Identifying and protecting viable aquifers
13.5.2 Adaptation of customary water schemes
13.5.3 Enhancing water availability by water harvesting
13.5.4 Water quality management
13.5.5 Long distance and interbasin water transfer
13.5.6 Investing in sustainability of existing systems
13.6 Policy and practice implication
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
14 Global geogenic groundwater pollution
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Global distribution of geogenic groundwater pollutants
14.2.1 Arsenic
14.2.2 Fluoride
14.2.3 Selenium
14.2.4 Uranium
14.2.5 Salinity
14.3 Conclusion
References
15 Out of sight, but not out of mind: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Analytical methods for monitoring per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
15.3 Sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment
15.3.1 Aqueous film-forming foam
15.3.2 Landfill leachate
15.3.3 Industrial sources
15.3.4 Other sources.
15.4 Occurrence studies.
Global Groundwater
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
About the Editors
Forewords
I Foreword on groundwater as a resource
II Foreword on groundwater for society
III Foreword on groundwater for sustainability
IV Foreword on groundwater for future
V Foreword on groundwater research
Preface
Acknowledgment
Disclaimer
Introduction: Why Study Global Groundwater?
References
Theme 1 Global groundwater
1 Global groundwater: from scarcity to security through sustainability and solutions
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Groundwater source and availability
1.3 Groundwater scarcity
1.3.1 Quantity
1.3.2 Groundwater quality
1.4 Groundwater sustainability and security
1.4.1 Groundwater-food-energy nexus
1.4.2 Urbanization
1.4.3 Groundwater trade and hydro-economics
1.5 Solutions
1.5.1 Enhancing irrigation and urban groundwater efficiency
1.5.2 Groundwater rejuvenation
1.5.3 Desalination
1.6 Conclusion
References
Theme 2 Groundwater sources
2 Groundwater of carbonate aquifers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Carbonate geochemistry and hydrochemical evolution
2.3 Porosity and permeability
2.4 Recharge and flow
2.5 Water supply and environmental issues
2.6 Challenges in monitoring and modeling
2.7 Conclusion
References
3 Groundwater resources in Australia-their occurrence, management, and future challenges
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Groundwater resources in Australia
3.3 Historical development of groundwater
3.4 Evolution of groundwater management
3.5 Current groundwater usage
3.6 Groundwater management issues
3.6.1 Overuse and overallocation of groundwater
3.6.2 Groundwater-dependent ecosystems
3.6.3 Impacts of groundwater extraction on surface-water systems
3.6.4 Effect of climate change on groundwater resources.
3.6.5 Impacts of mining on groundwater resources
3.6.6 Land and groundwater salinization
3.6.7 Seawater intrusion
3.7 Future challenges
3.7.1 Managed aquifer recharge
3.7.2 Declining resources for understanding and managing groundwater
3.8 Conclusion
References
Further reading
4 Groundwater storage dynamics in the Himalayan river basins and impacts of global change in the Anthropocene
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Hydrology and climate of Himalayan river basins
4.2.1 The Indus river basin
4.2.2 The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river basin
4.2.3 The Irrawaddy river basin
4.3 Groundwater for drinking and agricultural use
4.4 Groundwater storage dynamics in Himalayan river basins
4.4.1 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment: Earth observation satellite monitoring
4.4.2 Dynamics in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment terrestrial water storage
4.4.3 Mapping groundwater storage using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
4.4.4 Reported changes of groundwater storage and impacts of global change
4.5 Concluding discussion
Acknowledgments
References
5 Groundwater variations in the North China Plain: monitoring and modeling under climate change and human activities toward...
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Impacts of human activities on groundwater in the North China Plain
5.3 Climate change impact on groundwater in the North China Plain
5.4 China's South-to-North Water Diversion
5.5 Review on groundwater storage assessment in the North China Plain
Acknowledgment
References
6 Emerging groundwater and surface water trends in Alberta, Canada
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Data and methods
6.2.1 Study region
6.2.2 Groundwater level observation
6.2.3 Observations of surface water
6.2.4 Rainfall and snowmelt water
6.3 Results and discussions.
6.3.1 Rainfall and snowmelt water
6.3.2 Surface water level changes
6.3.3 Groundwater level changes
6.4 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
7 Groundwater irrigation and implication in the Nile river basin
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Surface water in the Nile basin
7.3 Land use and irrigation in the Nile basin
7.4 Groundwater in the Nile basin
7.5 Aquifers in Nile riparian countries
7.5.1 Groundwater in Egypt
7.5.2 Groundwater in Sudan and South Sudan
7.5.3 Groundwater in Ethiopia
7.5.4 Groundwater in the Extended Lake Victoria basin
7.6 Discussion and conclusion
References
8 Groundwater availability and security in the Kingston Basin, Jamaica
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Kingston Hydrologic Basin
8.2.1 Population and water supply
8.2.2 Hydrogeology of the KHB
8.2.3 Climate of the KHB
8.3 Methodology and analytical procedures
8.3.1 Field work
8.3.2 Water quality analysis
8.4 Results and discussion
8.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
9 Transboundary aquifers: a shared subsurface asset, in urgent need of sound governance
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Definition of transboundary aquifer: international and intranational
9.3 Governance-collaboration, potential dispute resolution
9.4 Water availability as a driver for governance
9.5 Current global inventory and classification of transboundary aquifers
9.6 Review of recent developments-the Red Queen effect
9.7 The place of transboundary aquifers in national priorities
9.8 SDGs as a driver toward sound governance of transboundary aquifers
9.9 The climate change megatrend and relevance to transboundary aquifers
9.10 Transboundary aquifers under high developmental stress
9.11 Estimating the urgency of sound governance as a function of water abundance/water scarcity.
9.12 Case history: the Stampriet aquifer-Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa
9.13 Hurdles to progress in intercountry dialogue-the "invisibility cape"?
9.14 The hiatus in the progress to adoption of the Draft Articles
9.15 Conclusion: light at the end of the tunnel
Conflict of interest
Acknowledgment
References
10 Transboundary groundwater of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River delta system
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Geologic and geomorphologic setting
10.3 Aquifer framework
10.4 Groundwater flow system
10.5 Hydrogeochemistry
10.6 Groundwater arsenic contamination
10.7 Policy interventions and management options for arsenic mitigation
References
Further reading
Theme 3 Groundwater scarcity: quantity and quality
11 Groundwater drought: environmental controls and monitoring
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Environmental controls on groundwater
11.2.1 Precipitation
11.2.2 Subsurface hydrogeological conditions
11.2.3 Large-scale climate phenomena
11.3 Groundwater drought monitoring
11.3.1 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data assimilation for groundwater drought monitoring
11.3.2 Other groundwater drought indicators
11.4 Characteristics of groundwater drought at the global domain
11.5 Discussions and future research
References
12 Groundwater scarcity in the Middle East
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Water resources: current use and future trends
12.3 Impacts of water scarcity
12.3.1 Water resources and climate change
12.3.2 Water quality
12.4 Water resources management
12.4.1 Mitigation to water scarcity
12.4.1.1 Desalination
12.4.1.2 Treated wastewater reuse
12.4.1.3 Rainwater harvesting and artificial aquifer recharge
12.5 Case studies
12.5.1 Jordan River
12.5.2 Tigris-Euphrates River
12.5.3 Nile River.
12.5.3.1 Victoria Nile or the White Nile
12.5.3.2 Blue Nile River basin
References
13 Groundwater scarcity and management in the arid areas in East Africa
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Typical characteristics of the dryland areas
13.3 Typologies of hydrogeology difficulties in arid areas in the East Africa
13.3.1 Arid volcanic mountains (old rugged volcanics)
13.3.2 Rift volcanics and pyroclastics
13.3.3 Nazareth series ignimbrites
13.3.4 Extensive limestone and sandstone plateaus, rocky hills, and plains in arid environments
13.3.5 Extensive loose inland alluvio-lacustrine, inland deltaic, and coastal plain aquifers
13.3.5.1 Permissible hydrogeology environments
13.4 Current and past drinking water delivery practices
13.5 Securing water in difficult hydrogeological environments
13.5.1 Identifying and protecting viable aquifers
13.5.2 Adaptation of customary water schemes
13.5.3 Enhancing water availability by water harvesting
13.5.4 Water quality management
13.5.5 Long distance and interbasin water transfer
13.5.6 Investing in sustainability of existing systems
13.6 Policy and practice implication
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
14 Global geogenic groundwater pollution
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Global distribution of geogenic groundwater pollutants
14.2.1 Arsenic
14.2.2 Fluoride
14.2.3 Selenium
14.2.4 Uranium
14.2.5 Salinity
14.3 Conclusion
References
15 Out of sight, but not out of mind: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Analytical methods for monitoring per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
15.3 Sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment
15.3.1 Aqueous film-forming foam
15.3.2 Landfill leachate
15.3.3 Industrial sources
15.3.4 Other sources.
15.4 Occurrence studies.