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Table of Contents
Intro
Contents
Acknowledgements
Figures
Tables
Abbreviations and Reading Conventions
Introduction
Chapter 1. Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time and a Linguist in the Field
1. General Overview
2. Negev Arabic: Tribes and Linguistic Varieties
3. The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ
4. The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Narration of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Šēḫ Ḥāğğ Ibrāhīm's Daughters Speak
4.1. Rgīyih
4.2. Maryam
4.3. External Eyes on the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Story
5. Ten Years among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ
6. The Language Choice
7. Culture and Language of Sedentary and Bedouin Communities in the Arab World
8. Invisible Boundaries: Cultural and Linguistic Conservatism in a Bedouin Community
9. Linguistic Anthropology in the Middle East
10. Endangered Languages in the Middle East
11. The Experience of Fieldwork
12. A Woman among the Bedouin
13. A Linguist, Not an Anthropologist
Chapter 2. Basics of Space and Time
1. Spatial Domains and Spatial Relations: Terminology and Fundamentals
1.1. Figure and Ground
1.2. Spatial Relations
1.3. Frames of Reference: Definition
1.4. Summary of the Preliminary Definitions
1.5. The Use of Frames of Reference: Axes and Regions: Definitions
2. The Frames of Reference Terminology Adopted in This Book
2.1. The Geocentric Frame of Reference and Its Absolute Subtype
2.2. The Object-Centered or Intrinsic Frame of Reference
2.3. The Egocentric or Relative Frame of Reference
3. Frames of Reference in Spatial Semantic Typology
4. Space and Time in Language and Cognition
5. Space in Cross-Cultural Perspective
6. Does 'Space' Exist Everywhere?
7. Temporal Frames of Reference
8. Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: State of the Art and Aim of This Work
9. State of the Art of Spatial and Temporal Studies in Afroasiatic and Semitic.
Chapter 3. Society, Culture, and Methodology
1. A Culture in Decline: Gender Groups and Age Groups
2. Stimulus Selection: A Work in Progress
2.1. Limitations in Using Images: Interpreting the Rules of Perspective
2.2. Distinguishing 'Scene' from 'Photo'
2.3. Understanding Human Interactions in Pictures
2.4. Describing Pictures That Represent Geographical Elements
2.5. Do Abstract Geographical Elements Exist?
3. Toward a Culture-Based Methodology
4. Representing Entities in Scale: Implications of Using Toy Objects
5. Culture-Related, Previously Acquired, and Recently Acquired Objects
6. Practical Tools to Elicit Semantic Information
7. Methodology
8. The Interview: 'Where Is X in Relation to Y?'
9. The Tick Test
10. Other Experiments
Chapter 4. Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: A Linguistic and Cultural Overview
1. Ayyām al-ʿArab, Ayyām al-Bilād: Spaces and Times in the Old Days
2. The Tent
3. Humans and Animals in the Domain of Space
4. Right and Left
5. 'In Front' and 'Behind'
5.1. Spatial Anteriority across Generations: The Front Region
5.2. Spatial Posteriority: The 'Back' Region
6. From Space to Time
6.1. Temporal Anteriority: 'Before'
6.2. Temporal Posteriority
6.3. Giddām/Gabl: Temporal Distance-Based Opposition as Spatial Inheritance
7. The Inherent Partitions of Animals
8. Human and Animal Body Parts and Landmarks: An Experimental Approach
9. The Nose, the Belly, and the Back of the Mountain
10. The Wadi as a Landmark in aṣ-Ṣāniʿ and Jbāli Linguistic Representations
11. Semantics of Astronomical Directions: Within Negev Landscapes and Beyond
12. Cardinal Directions across Grammatical Categories
13. Polyframing of Cardinal References
14. The Traditional aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Horizons.
15. Middle and Young aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Generations Confronted with Desert Spaces
16. Day and Night
17. The Seasons and the Activities Associated with Them
18. Cardinal Directions, Seasons, and Weather: A Cross-Cultural Survey on Naturalistic Metaphors from Arabia
19. Modern Times
Chapter 5. The Intrinsic Frame of Reference across the Generations
1. Preliminaries
2. The Intrinsic Frame among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Elders
2.1. The Front Region/Static: First Impressions
2.2. TAA Front Region/Static: Sorting Criteria
2.3. TAA Front Region/Motion
2.4. TAA Back Region/Preliminary Impressions
2.5. TAA Back Region/Static: Sorting Criteria
2.6. TAA Back Region/Motion
2.7. TAA Lateral Region/Static
2.8. TAA Lateral Region/Motion
3. MAA and YAA Intrinsic Frame
3.1. MAA and YAA Front Region/Static
3.2. MAA and YAA Front Region/Motion
3.3. MAA and YAA Back Region/Static
3.4. MAA and YAA Back Region/Motion
3.5. MAA and YAA Lateral Region/Static
3.6. MAA and YAA Lateral Region/Motion
4. Intrinsic Frame of Reference and Cardinal Directions in TAA
5. Hybrid Strategies of the Intrinsic Frame of Reference in TAA
Chapter 6. The Relative Frame of Reference across the Generations
1. TAA Relative Frame of Reference: The Front/Back Axis
2. The Lateral Axis of the ALIGNED FIELD
3. Differences between TAA and Hausa Aligned Fields
4. TAA Relative Prepositional Strategies
5. The Culture and Philosophy of the TAA Traditional Ontology of Space
6. MAA and YAA Relative Frame of Reference
7. MAA and YAA Treatment of Ground-Sheep
8. MAA and YAA Lateral Axis
9. MAA and YAA Motion
10. Concluding Remarks
Chapter 7. The Geocentric Frame of Reference across the Generations
1. TAA Geocentric Frame of Reference on a Small Scale.
2. TAA Cultural Salience of Figure/Ground Interactions
3. TAA Absolute Frame of Reference and Axial Constraints
4. TAA Strategies for Absolute Frames of Reference: Contrastive Distribution
5. Absolute Frame of Reference in Motion
6. MAA and YAA Absolute Frame of Reference
7. A Note on Referential Polysemy in Prepositions
Chapter 8. TAA, MAA, and YAA Cognitive Referential Framing
1. Space in Universalism and Relativism: Language-to-Cognition Correlation
2. Typologies of Referential Styles
3. Methodology of Cognitive Enquiry
3.1. Reconstruction Task: The Mountain
3.2. Reconstruction Task with Mountain-Like 'Landmark-Based Primer'
3.3. Recall Task: The Wadi
3.4. The Recall Test with the Intrinsic Primer: The Mountain and the Wadi
3.5. The Importance of the Locations of the Experimental Settings
4. TAA, MAA, and YAA Responses
4.1. Basic Reconstruction Test in the Three Locations
4.2. Reconstruction Test with Primer in the Three Locations
4.3. Basic Recall Test
4.4. Recall Test with Primer
5. Discussion
Chapter 9. Temporal Cognition across the Generations
1. From Space to Time in Language and Cognition
2. Temporal Frames of Reference
3. Historical and Cultural Background
4. Methodology
4.1. Card-Arrangement Task
4.2. Dot-Placing Task
5. Results
5.1. Card-Arrangement Task
5.2. Dot-Placing Task
6. Discussion of the Temporal Data
Chapter 10. Conclusions: Language, Thought, Culture, and Reality
References
Index.
Contents
Acknowledgements
Figures
Tables
Abbreviations and Reading Conventions
Introduction
Chapter 1. Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time and a Linguist in the Field
1. General Overview
2. Negev Arabic: Tribes and Linguistic Varieties
3. The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ
4. The aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Narration of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Šēḫ Ḥāğğ Ibrāhīm's Daughters Speak
4.1. Rgīyih
4.2. Maryam
4.3. External Eyes on the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Story
5. Ten Years among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ
6. The Language Choice
7. Culture and Language of Sedentary and Bedouin Communities in the Arab World
8. Invisible Boundaries: Cultural and Linguistic Conservatism in a Bedouin Community
9. Linguistic Anthropology in the Middle East
10. Endangered Languages in the Middle East
11. The Experience of Fieldwork
12. A Woman among the Bedouin
13. A Linguist, Not an Anthropologist
Chapter 2. Basics of Space and Time
1. Spatial Domains and Spatial Relations: Terminology and Fundamentals
1.1. Figure and Ground
1.2. Spatial Relations
1.3. Frames of Reference: Definition
1.4. Summary of the Preliminary Definitions
1.5. The Use of Frames of Reference: Axes and Regions: Definitions
2. The Frames of Reference Terminology Adopted in This Book
2.1. The Geocentric Frame of Reference and Its Absolute Subtype
2.2. The Object-Centered or Intrinsic Frame of Reference
2.3. The Egocentric or Relative Frame of Reference
3. Frames of Reference in Spatial Semantic Typology
4. Space and Time in Language and Cognition
5. Space in Cross-Cultural Perspective
6. Does 'Space' Exist Everywhere?
7. Temporal Frames of Reference
8. Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: State of the Art and Aim of This Work
9. State of the Art of Spatial and Temporal Studies in Afroasiatic and Semitic.
Chapter 3. Society, Culture, and Methodology
1. A Culture in Decline: Gender Groups and Age Groups
2. Stimulus Selection: A Work in Progress
2.1. Limitations in Using Images: Interpreting the Rules of Perspective
2.2. Distinguishing 'Scene' from 'Photo'
2.3. Understanding Human Interactions in Pictures
2.4. Describing Pictures That Represent Geographical Elements
2.5. Do Abstract Geographical Elements Exist?
3. Toward a Culture-Based Methodology
4. Representing Entities in Scale: Implications of Using Toy Objects
5. Culture-Related, Previously Acquired, and Recently Acquired Objects
6. Practical Tools to Elicit Semantic Information
7. Methodology
8. The Interview: 'Where Is X in Relation to Y?'
9. The Tick Test
10. Other Experiments
Chapter 4. Aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Space and Time: A Linguistic and Cultural Overview
1. Ayyām al-ʿArab, Ayyām al-Bilād: Spaces and Times in the Old Days
2. The Tent
3. Humans and Animals in the Domain of Space
4. Right and Left
5. 'In Front' and 'Behind'
5.1. Spatial Anteriority across Generations: The Front Region
5.2. Spatial Posteriority: The 'Back' Region
6. From Space to Time
6.1. Temporal Anteriority: 'Before'
6.2. Temporal Posteriority
6.3. Giddām/Gabl: Temporal Distance-Based Opposition as Spatial Inheritance
7. The Inherent Partitions of Animals
8. Human and Animal Body Parts and Landmarks: An Experimental Approach
9. The Nose, the Belly, and the Back of the Mountain
10. The Wadi as a Landmark in aṣ-Ṣāniʿ and Jbāli Linguistic Representations
11. Semantics of Astronomical Directions: Within Negev Landscapes and Beyond
12. Cardinal Directions across Grammatical Categories
13. Polyframing of Cardinal References
14. The Traditional aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Horizons.
15. Middle and Young aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Generations Confronted with Desert Spaces
16. Day and Night
17. The Seasons and the Activities Associated with Them
18. Cardinal Directions, Seasons, and Weather: A Cross-Cultural Survey on Naturalistic Metaphors from Arabia
19. Modern Times
Chapter 5. The Intrinsic Frame of Reference across the Generations
1. Preliminaries
2. The Intrinsic Frame among the aṣ-Ṣāniʿ Elders
2.1. The Front Region/Static: First Impressions
2.2. TAA Front Region/Static: Sorting Criteria
2.3. TAA Front Region/Motion
2.4. TAA Back Region/Preliminary Impressions
2.5. TAA Back Region/Static: Sorting Criteria
2.6. TAA Back Region/Motion
2.7. TAA Lateral Region/Static
2.8. TAA Lateral Region/Motion
3. MAA and YAA Intrinsic Frame
3.1. MAA and YAA Front Region/Static
3.2. MAA and YAA Front Region/Motion
3.3. MAA and YAA Back Region/Static
3.4. MAA and YAA Back Region/Motion
3.5. MAA and YAA Lateral Region/Static
3.6. MAA and YAA Lateral Region/Motion
4. Intrinsic Frame of Reference and Cardinal Directions in TAA
5. Hybrid Strategies of the Intrinsic Frame of Reference in TAA
Chapter 6. The Relative Frame of Reference across the Generations
1. TAA Relative Frame of Reference: The Front/Back Axis
2. The Lateral Axis of the ALIGNED FIELD
3. Differences between TAA and Hausa Aligned Fields
4. TAA Relative Prepositional Strategies
5. The Culture and Philosophy of the TAA Traditional Ontology of Space
6. MAA and YAA Relative Frame of Reference
7. MAA and YAA Treatment of Ground-Sheep
8. MAA and YAA Lateral Axis
9. MAA and YAA Motion
10. Concluding Remarks
Chapter 7. The Geocentric Frame of Reference across the Generations
1. TAA Geocentric Frame of Reference on a Small Scale.
2. TAA Cultural Salience of Figure/Ground Interactions
3. TAA Absolute Frame of Reference and Axial Constraints
4. TAA Strategies for Absolute Frames of Reference: Contrastive Distribution
5. Absolute Frame of Reference in Motion
6. MAA and YAA Absolute Frame of Reference
7. A Note on Referential Polysemy in Prepositions
Chapter 8. TAA, MAA, and YAA Cognitive Referential Framing
1. Space in Universalism and Relativism: Language-to-Cognition Correlation
2. Typologies of Referential Styles
3. Methodology of Cognitive Enquiry
3.1. Reconstruction Task: The Mountain
3.2. Reconstruction Task with Mountain-Like 'Landmark-Based Primer'
3.3. Recall Task: The Wadi
3.4. The Recall Test with the Intrinsic Primer: The Mountain and the Wadi
3.5. The Importance of the Locations of the Experimental Settings
4. TAA, MAA, and YAA Responses
4.1. Basic Reconstruction Test in the Three Locations
4.2. Reconstruction Test with Primer in the Three Locations
4.3. Basic Recall Test
4.4. Recall Test with Primer
5. Discussion
Chapter 9. Temporal Cognition across the Generations
1. From Space to Time in Language and Cognition
2. Temporal Frames of Reference
3. Historical and Cultural Background
4. Methodology
4.1. Card-Arrangement Task
4.2. Dot-Placing Task
5. Results
5.1. Card-Arrangement Task
5.2. Dot-Placing Task
6. Discussion of the Temporal Data
Chapter 10. Conclusions: Language, Thought, Culture, and Reality
References
Index.