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Table of Contents
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Notes on Contributors of Part III
Preface
List of Figures
Part 1 Jan Łukasiewicz: Analysis and Construction of the Concept of Cause
Analysis and Construction of the Concept of Cause
1
1 Introduction
2 Concepts are Abstract Objects
3 Analysis of Abstract Objects
4 Construction of Abstract Objects
2
5 Correlation of Cause and Effect
6 The Causal Relation Is Not a Relation of Activity
7 The Causal Relation Is Not a Relation of Constant Succession
8 The Casual Relation Is a Necessary Relation
3
9 Properties of the Necessary Relation that Connects a Cause and an Effect
10 Relations of Simple Dependence and the Concept of Necessity
11 The Causal Relation Cannot Be Reduced to a Relation of Reason to Consequence
Efficient and Cognitive Causes
12 The Temporal Relation in the Causal Relation
4
13 The Concept of Complete Cause
A Cause and An Effect Do Not Have to Be Changes
14 What Is a Cause and What Is an Effect
15 Summary of Results
16 Conclusion
Bibliography
Part 2 Resonance of Łukasiewicz's "Analysis" in the First Half of the Twentieth Century in Poland
Chapter 1 Criticism of the Concept of Causal Connection
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Causality and Functional Relation. A Study in the Theory of Knowledge
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bibliography
Chapter 3 How Did the Problem of Causality Arise? An Outline of Its Development in Ancient Philosophy
Introduction
1
2
3
4
Chapter 1: From Thales to Democritus
1 The Older Ionian Physicists: Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes (6th Century)
2 Heraclitus and Parmenides (Beginning of the 5th Century)
3 The Younger Physicists: The Atomists (5th Century).
4 End of the Period: Zeno of Elea and Gorgias (End of the 5th Century)
Chapter 2: Plato and Aristotle
A Plato
1 The Sources of Plato's Philosophy: The Sophists and Socrates
2 The Sources of Plato's Philosophy: Cratylus
3 The Sources of Plato's Philosophy: The Pythagoreans
4 The Relation between Ideas and the Sense-World
5 Matter as the Co-cause of Phenomena
6 The Principle of Determinism
B Aristotle
1 Plato and Aristotle
2 Four Kinds of Causes
3 Substance
4 Primary Matter and Pure Form
5 The Principle of Determinism. The Contraposition of Causes
Chapter 3: Stoicism, Epicureanism, Skepticism
1 New Philosophical Systems and Their Relation to Their Predecessors
2 Stoicism
3 Epicureanism
4 The Problem of the Freedom of Will
5 The Stoic and Epicurean Concept of Cause
6 The Skeptical Analysis of Causality
7 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 4 The Problem of Causality in the Neo-scholastics
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bibliography
Chapter 5 The Negative Concept of Causality
Bibliography
Part 3 The Concept of Causality in Poland Many Years Hence
Chapter 6 Łukasiewicz on the Analysis of Concepts
1 Introductory Remarks
2 Some Semiotic and Ontological Distinctions
3 What Are Concepts According to Łukasiewicz?
4 Why Is Analysis of Concepts Important for Philosophers?
5 What Are the Components of Concepts and How Can They Be Represented in Ontologically "Neutral" Methodology?
6 Analysis of Concepts
7 Foundation of Analysis
8 Constructive Elements of Analysis
9 Ideal and Real Concepts and Requirements for Satisfactory Analysis
10 Analysis and Local versus Global Methods
11 Closing Remarks
Acknowledgement
Bibliography
Chapter 7 On the Causal Role of Limit Properties in Physics
1 Background.
2 Causal Explanations in Classical Mechanics
2.1 The Bathtub Example
3 Self-Causation, Common Causes and the Two-Property View
4 Limit Properties and Grounding
5 Limit Properties as Causes
6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Causality in the Law
1 Introduction
2 Legal Abstractions
3 The Wisdom of the Folk
4 Science Enters the Stage
5 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 9 Cause and Effect Relationships in Theology
1 Epistemic Ambitions of Theology
2 Distribution of Dogmas
3 Subsystems of Theology
4 The Fulcrum and Lever of Theology
5 Analysis and Construction of the Concept of Cause
6 Cause and Effect in Metaphysics and Apologetics
7 Cause and Effect in Dogmatics
8 Conclusion
Bibliography
Conclusion: The Problem of Causality
1 The Omnipresence of the Term "Cause" in Life and Science
2 The Awkwardness of the Existing Definitions of "Cause"
3 A Word about Defining
4 Definition of "Cause"
5 Traditional Counterarguments Aimed at the Existence of Cause-Effect Relations
6 Self-Criticism
7 Logical Constants and Necessity
8 Ontic Categories of Objects in the Field of the Relation of Being-Cause-Of
9 Acting-On
10 Motivation
11 Circumstances of Acting-On
12 Change
13 Temporal Relations Connected with the Relationship of Being-Cause-Of
14 Formal Properties of the Relation of Being-Cause-Of
15 Cause and Effect and the Problem of Their Complexity
16 Causal Law
17 The Principle of Causality
18 The Cause-Effect Relation
19 The Perpetrator
20 God-Creator and Creator
Bibliography
Index of Names.
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Notes on Contributors of Part III
Preface
List of Figures
Part 1 Jan Łukasiewicz: Analysis and Construction of the Concept of Cause
Analysis and Construction of the Concept of Cause
1
1 Introduction
2 Concepts are Abstract Objects
3 Analysis of Abstract Objects
4 Construction of Abstract Objects
2
5 Correlation of Cause and Effect
6 The Causal Relation Is Not a Relation of Activity
7 The Causal Relation Is Not a Relation of Constant Succession
8 The Casual Relation Is a Necessary Relation
3
9 Properties of the Necessary Relation that Connects a Cause and an Effect
10 Relations of Simple Dependence and the Concept of Necessity
11 The Causal Relation Cannot Be Reduced to a Relation of Reason to Consequence
Efficient and Cognitive Causes
12 The Temporal Relation in the Causal Relation
4
13 The Concept of Complete Cause
A Cause and An Effect Do Not Have to Be Changes
14 What Is a Cause and What Is an Effect
15 Summary of Results
16 Conclusion
Bibliography
Part 2 Resonance of Łukasiewicz's "Analysis" in the First Half of the Twentieth Century in Poland
Chapter 1 Criticism of the Concept of Causal Connection
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Causality and Functional Relation. A Study in the Theory of Knowledge
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bibliography
Chapter 3 How Did the Problem of Causality Arise? An Outline of Its Development in Ancient Philosophy
Introduction
1
2
3
4
Chapter 1: From Thales to Democritus
1 The Older Ionian Physicists: Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes (6th Century)
2 Heraclitus and Parmenides (Beginning of the 5th Century)
3 The Younger Physicists: The Atomists (5th Century).
4 End of the Period: Zeno of Elea and Gorgias (End of the 5th Century)
Chapter 2: Plato and Aristotle
A Plato
1 The Sources of Plato's Philosophy: The Sophists and Socrates
2 The Sources of Plato's Philosophy: Cratylus
3 The Sources of Plato's Philosophy: The Pythagoreans
4 The Relation between Ideas and the Sense-World
5 Matter as the Co-cause of Phenomena
6 The Principle of Determinism
B Aristotle
1 Plato and Aristotle
2 Four Kinds of Causes
3 Substance
4 Primary Matter and Pure Form
5 The Principle of Determinism. The Contraposition of Causes
Chapter 3: Stoicism, Epicureanism, Skepticism
1 New Philosophical Systems and Their Relation to Their Predecessors
2 Stoicism
3 Epicureanism
4 The Problem of the Freedom of Will
5 The Stoic and Epicurean Concept of Cause
6 The Skeptical Analysis of Causality
7 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 4 The Problem of Causality in the Neo-scholastics
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bibliography
Chapter 5 The Negative Concept of Causality
Bibliography
Part 3 The Concept of Causality in Poland Many Years Hence
Chapter 6 Łukasiewicz on the Analysis of Concepts
1 Introductory Remarks
2 Some Semiotic and Ontological Distinctions
3 What Are Concepts According to Łukasiewicz?
4 Why Is Analysis of Concepts Important for Philosophers?
5 What Are the Components of Concepts and How Can They Be Represented in Ontologically "Neutral" Methodology?
6 Analysis of Concepts
7 Foundation of Analysis
8 Constructive Elements of Analysis
9 Ideal and Real Concepts and Requirements for Satisfactory Analysis
10 Analysis and Local versus Global Methods
11 Closing Remarks
Acknowledgement
Bibliography
Chapter 7 On the Causal Role of Limit Properties in Physics
1 Background.
2 Causal Explanations in Classical Mechanics
2.1 The Bathtub Example
3 Self-Causation, Common Causes and the Two-Property View
4 Limit Properties and Grounding
5 Limit Properties as Causes
6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Causality in the Law
1 Introduction
2 Legal Abstractions
3 The Wisdom of the Folk
4 Science Enters the Stage
5 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 9 Cause and Effect Relationships in Theology
1 Epistemic Ambitions of Theology
2 Distribution of Dogmas
3 Subsystems of Theology
4 The Fulcrum and Lever of Theology
5 Analysis and Construction of the Concept of Cause
6 Cause and Effect in Metaphysics and Apologetics
7 Cause and Effect in Dogmatics
8 Conclusion
Bibliography
Conclusion: The Problem of Causality
1 The Omnipresence of the Term "Cause" in Life and Science
2 The Awkwardness of the Existing Definitions of "Cause"
3 A Word about Defining
4 Definition of "Cause"
5 Traditional Counterarguments Aimed at the Existence of Cause-Effect Relations
6 Self-Criticism
7 Logical Constants and Necessity
8 Ontic Categories of Objects in the Field of the Relation of Being-Cause-Of
9 Acting-On
10 Motivation
11 Circumstances of Acting-On
12 Change
13 Temporal Relations Connected with the Relationship of Being-Cause-Of
14 Formal Properties of the Relation of Being-Cause-Of
15 Cause and Effect and the Problem of Their Complexity
16 Causal Law
17 The Principle of Causality
18 The Cause-Effect Relation
19 The Perpetrator
20 God-Creator and Creator
Bibliography
Index of Names.