Intro
Methods in Study Abroad Research
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication page
Table of contents
Acknowledgements
Foreword
References
Chapter 1. Research methods in study abroad: A critical state of the art account
Introduction
The enquiry into SA effects on language development: A bird's-eye view
The enquiry into research methods in SA
This volume
References
Section 1. Research designs
Chapter 2. Quantitative approaches in L2 research abroad
Introduction
Core contributions of quantitative approaches
Types of study design
Linguistic outcome measures
Global proficiency measures
Oral production measures: Complexity, accuracy, and fluency
Measures of linguistic knowledge and processing
Other tools and measures
Individual difference measures
Psychosocial factors
Linguistic factors
Cognitive factors
Learner experiences and language contact measures
Limitations
Methodological design
Instruments and operational measures
Statistical considerations
Strategies and guiding principles for addressing limitations
Recommendation 1: Expand within-subjects designs
Recommendation 2: Adopt a systematic selection of instruments and measures
Recommendation 3: Employ robust and other advanced statistical techniques
Recommendation 4: Adopt mixed-methods approaches
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Qualitative approaches in L2 research abroad
Introduction
Qualitative research about study abroad
Overview
Contributions of qualitative research
Identity, agency, and investment
Social networks and interaction
Summary
Methodological limitations and gaps
Participants and research sites
Data collection and analysis
Addressing limitations in future qualitative research
Participants and research sites.

Data collection and analysis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Mixed methods research on language learning in study abroad
Introduction
Contributions of multiple methods study abroad research
The "Predictors" study and its qualitative companion projects
Introducing the role of social networks
The uniqueness of individual experiences abroad
Grammatical accuracy
Pragmatics
Mixed methods designs for research on study abroad
Design basics: The conceptual toolkit
Advanced designs: Study abroad as a mixed methods intervention
Integrating methods at points of interface in study abroad research
Sampling point of interface: Selecting 50 from 2,741 (Careers Project)
Data collection points of interface: Participant progress over time (LANGSNAP)
Conclusion: Outcomes, ethics, and processes
References
Section 2. Research instruments
Chapter 5. Diaries and journals in study abroad research
Introduction
Journals in SA research
Contributions of diaries and journals to L2, personal, and intercultural development in SA
The limitations of journals-based studies
Guiding principles
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Narratives and identity in study abroad research
Introduction
Narratives and identity in SA
Approaching narratives
Approaching identity
Issues, limitations and critical discussion
Issues for narrative inquiry in SA research
Identity, plurilingualism and transnationalism
Guiding principles for working with narratives
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Technology in cognitive research: Methods to examine second language processing in study abroad research
Introduction
Behavioral methods
Study abroad research using behavioral methods
Limitations and guiding principles of behavioral methods
Eye tracking.

Study abroad research using eye tracking
Limitations and guiding principles of eye-tracking methods
Event-related potentials
Study abroad research using event-related potentials
Limitations and guiding principles of event-related potential methods
Future directions
Conclusion
References
Section 3. Measuring L2 development
Chapter 8. Oral fluency measures in study abroad research
Introduction
What is speaking fluency, and how does it enhance our understanding of L2 acquisition?
How does speech production differ in L2 and L1?: In what ways is L2 speaking fluency different from L1 speaking fluency?
Measures of L2 speaking fluency in SA research
Elicitation techniques
Utterance fluency
Speed fluency
Breakdown fluency
Repair fluency
Perceived fluency
Cognitive fluency
Limitations and gaps
Elicitation techniques
Controlling for L1 speaking fluency
Controlling for individual differences
Strategies and guiding principles
Research ethics considerations
Conclusions
References
Chapter 9. Complexity, fluency and accuracy in study abroad research
Introduction
Definitions and measures of complexity, accuracy, and written fluency in SA
Complexity
Syntactic complexity
Lexical complexity
Accuracy
Written fluency
Overview of complexity in SA research
Oral syntactic and lexical complexity
Written syntactic and lexical complexity
Overview of accuracy in SA research
Oral accuracy
Written accuracy
Overview of written fluency in SA research
Limitations of CAF studies in SA
Future CAF research in SA
Discussion of ethical issues
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 10. Grammatical development during study abroad: Approaches and methods
Introduction: Concepts and questions surrounding grammatical development during study abroad.

Approaches and methods: Grammatical processing, comprehension, knowledge and production during study abroad
From instrument to analysis
Complexity and accuracy
Variationism: Modelling grammatical variation
Grammatical comprehension and knowledge
Grammatical processes and processing
Investigating grammatical development during study abroad: A critique
Future directions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11. Investigating pragmatic development in study abroad contexts
Introduction
Investigating pragmatic development in study abroad settings
Research approaches in SA pragmatics
Contributions to understanding SA pragmatic development
Limitations in existing SA pragmatics research
Principles and strategies for future SA pragmatics research
Conclusion
Funding
References
Chapter 12. Phonological and phonetic development in study abroad research
Introduction
Review of the literature and overview of current methodological practice
Production
Segmental level
Suprasegmental level
Wholistic measurements
Acquisition of dialectal features
Methodological practice
Perception
Issues and limitations
Measurement bias
Study design
Issues of omission
Issues of simplification
Operationalization of the dependent variable
Simplifications related to the independent variable(s)
Systematicity
Complex systems
Dynamic systems
Recommendations and future developments
Conclusion
References
Section 4. The individual learner in context
Chapter 13. Individual variables in study abroad contexts: Concepts and measurements
Introduction
IDs in SA contexts: Key findings and contributions
Key findings in psychosocial IDs
Key findings in cognitive IDs
Key findings in linguistic IDs
Limitations of research on IDs in SA contexts.

Limitations related to psychosocial IDs
Limitations related to cognitive IDs
Limitations related to linguistic IDs
Limitations related to measuring linguistic gains
Common limitations
General principles and strategies
Psychosocial IDs: Principles and strategies
Cognitive IDs: Principles and strategies
Linguistic IDs: Principles and strategies
Other general best practices
Research designs, tools and analysis
Conclusions
Funding
References
Chapter 14. Researching study abroad: Tracking social networks
Introduction: What is a social network?
Empirical research on social networks in SA: Methods and findings
Foundational study and theoretical motivations
Case studies of egocentric networks
Quantitative studies
Contributions of SNA to understanding language development through SA
Limitations of social networks research
Guiding principles for SN research
Conclusion and suggestions for future studies
A note on ethical practice in SN/SA research
References
Afterword
Expand theoretical frameworks used for SA research
Expand the SA participant pool
Expand SA venues for data collection
Expand types of instruments used to gather and analyze data
Expand SA research designs and types of analysis
Expand SA topics/themes to study within an ecological approach
References
Index.