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Table of Contents
Intro
The Spanish and the Portuguese Present Perfect in Discourse
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Epigraph page
Table of contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of abbreviations
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 A cross-linguistic perspective on the PPCpt and the PPCsp
PPCpt and PPCsp as quantificational tense forms
1.2 The discursive approach
The truth-conditional meaning component of tense forms
The perspectival structure in discourse
The event-referential structure in discourse
1.3 Goals of the study
Chapter 2. Fundamentals
2.1 Tense
2.1.1 The ingredients of tense
Speech time (ts)
Event time (te)
Location time (tloc)
Perspective time (tp)
Referencetime (tr)
Integrating the ingredients
2.1.2 Quantificational vs. referential tense
Quantificational tense
Referential Tense
A note on definiteness
Integrating the two accounts
2.2 Aspect
2.2.1 Situation aspect
2.2.2 Viewpoint aspect
2.3 Adverbials
2.4 Tense and aspect in discourse
2.4.1 The macro-structure: Modes of discourse
Narrative / Narration
Report
Description
Information
Argument
2.4.2 The micro-structure: Syntagmatic relations
Temporal Anaphora
Quantification and reference in discourse: Actualization effects
2.5 The Present Perfect as a cross-linguistic category
2.5.1 Diachrony and grammaticalization
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
Overview
2.5.2 Synchrony
Readings
Curent relevance
The Present Perfect: A quantificational tense form
The PP puzzle
Adverbial modification
2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3. The Portuguese Pretérito Perfeito Composto
3.1 General meaning and meaning effects
Ilari's (2001) account
The Extended-Now (XN) approach to the PPCpt.
The functional split of the PPCpt and the Simple Past
Continuation of te after ts: Implication or implicature?
3.2 A note on diatopic variation
3.3 Quantificational readings
3.3.1 Ipex readings
Ipex as a combination of indefiniteness and pluractionality
Iterative vs. gradual readings
3.3.2 Universal reading
3.3.3 Characterizing readings
Characterizing readings temporally restricted to the present time-sphere
3.3.4 Overview
A diachronic note: The PPCpt's evolution as a "regular idiosyncrasy"?
3.4 Adverbials
3.5 Discourse
3.5.1 PPCpt + PPCpt
3.5.2 PPCpt + Pretérito Perfeito Simples
Contrasting episodicity and genericity
Perspectival bridging
3.5.3 PPCpt + Present Tense
Contrast of characterizing PPCpt vs. generic Present Tense
PPCpt providing evidence for generic Present Tense
3.5.4 The macro-structure of discourse
3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4. The Spanish Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto
4.1 General meaning and meaning effects
The quantificational readings
Current Relevance (CR)
4.2 A note on diatopic variation
4.3 Quantificational readings
4.3.1 Experiential reading
A terminological note on experiential readings as a hyponym of the existential readings
4.3.2 Resultative reading
The direct resultant state
Delimiting PPCsp-res from the tener + participle
4.3.3 Hot news reading
4.3.4 Universal reading
Competition with Present Tense
Current Relevance or direct resultant state?
4.3.5 Overview
4.4 Is there a referential reading?
The semantics of the potential referential PPCsp-ref
Evidence for the PPCsp-ref
Arguments supporting a purely quantificational account
The quantificational/referential ambiguity as a transitional context?
4.5 Adverbials
4.6 Discourse
Previous work
4.6.1 PPCsp + PPCsp
4.6.2 PPCsp + Indefinido.
Actualization Focus
Perspectival shift
Perspectival bridging
4.6.3 PPCsp + Pluscuamperfecto/Imperfecto
Quantificational PPCsp clashing with Pluscuamperfecto/Imperfecto
Referential PPCsp anchoring Imperfecto/Pluscuamperfecto?
The cataphoric potential as evidence for the PPCsp-ref?
4.6.4 The macro-structure of discourse
4.7 Conclusion
The quantificational PPCsp
The referential PPCsp and the referential drift
Chapter 5. Corpus study
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Composition of the corpus
The Spanish corpus
The Portuguese corpus
5.1.2 Analysis of the data
5.1.3 Overall frequencies
5.2 Adverbials
5.2.1 Expectations
5.2.2 Portuguese
5.2.3 Spanish
Are there positional adverbials in the Spanish data?
5.2.4 Discussion
5.3 The micro-structure of discourse
5.3.1 Expectations
Portuguese
Spanish
5.3.2 Portuguese
5.3.2.1 Characterizing PPCPT
5.3.2.2 Episodic PPCPT readings
5.3.3 Spanish
5.3.3.1 Quantificational PPCSP
5.3.3.2 Referential PPCSP
5.3.4 Discussion
Portuguese
Similarities between the PPCPT's and PPCSP's discourse functions
Spanish
The PPC between truth conditions and discourse: A case for use conditions?
5.4 Conclusion
PPCPT escaping from stage II and PPCSP approaching stage IV?
Chapter 6. The PPCSP's referential drift
6.1 The PPCSP between quantification and reference
"Gradual relaxation of the degree of recentness"
Temporal indeterminacy
Temporal semantics vs. discourse functions
Perspectival clash
6.2 The attached Imperfecto as a test case for the PPCSP's cataphoric potential
Contextual dependency and anaphoricity
Perspective
Tempus relief
6.3 Prominence and the PPCSP
6.3.1 General remarks on prominence in discourse
6.3.2 Prominent event domain vs. prominent post state domain.
Singling out an element out of a set of equals
The prominent event domain as a structural attractor licensing discursive operations
6.4 Experiment: Acceptability judgements of PPCSP + Imperfecto
6.4.1 Methodology
Participants
Procedure
Design and materials
The tense condition
The remoteness condition
The attached Imperfecto
Hypotheses and expectations
Diatopic variation
6.4.2 Statistical analysis and results
Participants included in the analysis
Overview
Significant main effect of tense (H1)
Significant interactional effect of PPC and remoteness (H2)
No significant effect for coarse-grained diatopic background as a fixed effect
6.4.3 Discussion
General observations
Significant main effect of tense (H1)
Significant effect of remoteness in the PPCSP condition (H2)
Further exploration: Fine-grained diatopic background of the participants
Further exploration: Innovative vs. conservative speakers?
6.5 Conclusion
Chapter 7. Conclusions
7.1 PPCPT and PPCSP as quantificational tense forms
7.2 Similarities and differences on the level of discourse
7.3 Outlook
Bibliography
List of items included in the experiment
Index.
The Spanish and the Portuguese Present Perfect in Discourse
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Epigraph page
Table of contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of abbreviations
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 A cross-linguistic perspective on the PPCpt and the PPCsp
PPCpt and PPCsp as quantificational tense forms
1.2 The discursive approach
The truth-conditional meaning component of tense forms
The perspectival structure in discourse
The event-referential structure in discourse
1.3 Goals of the study
Chapter 2. Fundamentals
2.1 Tense
2.1.1 The ingredients of tense
Speech time (ts)
Event time (te)
Location time (tloc)
Perspective time (tp)
Referencetime (tr)
Integrating the ingredients
2.1.2 Quantificational vs. referential tense
Quantificational tense
Referential Tense
A note on definiteness
Integrating the two accounts
2.2 Aspect
2.2.1 Situation aspect
2.2.2 Viewpoint aspect
2.3 Adverbials
2.4 Tense and aspect in discourse
2.4.1 The macro-structure: Modes of discourse
Narrative / Narration
Report
Description
Information
Argument
2.4.2 The micro-structure: Syntagmatic relations
Temporal Anaphora
Quantification and reference in discourse: Actualization effects
2.5 The Present Perfect as a cross-linguistic category
2.5.1 Diachrony and grammaticalization
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
Overview
2.5.2 Synchrony
Readings
Curent relevance
The Present Perfect: A quantificational tense form
The PP puzzle
Adverbial modification
2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3. The Portuguese Pretérito Perfeito Composto
3.1 General meaning and meaning effects
Ilari's (2001) account
The Extended-Now (XN) approach to the PPCpt.
The functional split of the PPCpt and the Simple Past
Continuation of te after ts: Implication or implicature?
3.2 A note on diatopic variation
3.3 Quantificational readings
3.3.1 Ipex readings
Ipex as a combination of indefiniteness and pluractionality
Iterative vs. gradual readings
3.3.2 Universal reading
3.3.3 Characterizing readings
Characterizing readings temporally restricted to the present time-sphere
3.3.4 Overview
A diachronic note: The PPCpt's evolution as a "regular idiosyncrasy"?
3.4 Adverbials
3.5 Discourse
3.5.1 PPCpt + PPCpt
3.5.2 PPCpt + Pretérito Perfeito Simples
Contrasting episodicity and genericity
Perspectival bridging
3.5.3 PPCpt + Present Tense
Contrast of characterizing PPCpt vs. generic Present Tense
PPCpt providing evidence for generic Present Tense
3.5.4 The macro-structure of discourse
3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4. The Spanish Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto
4.1 General meaning and meaning effects
The quantificational readings
Current Relevance (CR)
4.2 A note on diatopic variation
4.3 Quantificational readings
4.3.1 Experiential reading
A terminological note on experiential readings as a hyponym of the existential readings
4.3.2 Resultative reading
The direct resultant state
Delimiting PPCsp-res from the tener + participle
4.3.3 Hot news reading
4.3.4 Universal reading
Competition with Present Tense
Current Relevance or direct resultant state?
4.3.5 Overview
4.4 Is there a referential reading?
The semantics of the potential referential PPCsp-ref
Evidence for the PPCsp-ref
Arguments supporting a purely quantificational account
The quantificational/referential ambiguity as a transitional context?
4.5 Adverbials
4.6 Discourse
Previous work
4.6.1 PPCsp + PPCsp
4.6.2 PPCsp + Indefinido.
Actualization Focus
Perspectival shift
Perspectival bridging
4.6.3 PPCsp + Pluscuamperfecto/Imperfecto
Quantificational PPCsp clashing with Pluscuamperfecto/Imperfecto
Referential PPCsp anchoring Imperfecto/Pluscuamperfecto?
The cataphoric potential as evidence for the PPCsp-ref?
4.6.4 The macro-structure of discourse
4.7 Conclusion
The quantificational PPCsp
The referential PPCsp and the referential drift
Chapter 5. Corpus study
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Composition of the corpus
The Spanish corpus
The Portuguese corpus
5.1.2 Analysis of the data
5.1.3 Overall frequencies
5.2 Adverbials
5.2.1 Expectations
5.2.2 Portuguese
5.2.3 Spanish
Are there positional adverbials in the Spanish data?
5.2.4 Discussion
5.3 The micro-structure of discourse
5.3.1 Expectations
Portuguese
Spanish
5.3.2 Portuguese
5.3.2.1 Characterizing PPCPT
5.3.2.2 Episodic PPCPT readings
5.3.3 Spanish
5.3.3.1 Quantificational PPCSP
5.3.3.2 Referential PPCSP
5.3.4 Discussion
Portuguese
Similarities between the PPCPT's and PPCSP's discourse functions
Spanish
The PPC between truth conditions and discourse: A case for use conditions?
5.4 Conclusion
PPCPT escaping from stage II and PPCSP approaching stage IV?
Chapter 6. The PPCSP's referential drift
6.1 The PPCSP between quantification and reference
"Gradual relaxation of the degree of recentness"
Temporal indeterminacy
Temporal semantics vs. discourse functions
Perspectival clash
6.2 The attached Imperfecto as a test case for the PPCSP's cataphoric potential
Contextual dependency and anaphoricity
Perspective
Tempus relief
6.3 Prominence and the PPCSP
6.3.1 General remarks on prominence in discourse
6.3.2 Prominent event domain vs. prominent post state domain.
Singling out an element out of a set of equals
The prominent event domain as a structural attractor licensing discursive operations
6.4 Experiment: Acceptability judgements of PPCSP + Imperfecto
6.4.1 Methodology
Participants
Procedure
Design and materials
The tense condition
The remoteness condition
The attached Imperfecto
Hypotheses and expectations
Diatopic variation
6.4.2 Statistical analysis and results
Participants included in the analysis
Overview
Significant main effect of tense (H1)
Significant interactional effect of PPC and remoteness (H2)
No significant effect for coarse-grained diatopic background as a fixed effect
6.4.3 Discussion
General observations
Significant main effect of tense (H1)
Significant effect of remoteness in the PPCSP condition (H2)
Further exploration: Fine-grained diatopic background of the participants
Further exploration: Innovative vs. conservative speakers?
6.5 Conclusion
Chapter 7. Conclusions
7.1 PPCPT and PPCSP as quantificational tense forms
7.2 Similarities and differences on the level of discourse
7.3 Outlook
Bibliography
List of items included in the experiment
Index.