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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Figure 1: Map of the studied necropolis of Mutina
Table 1: Graves analysed from the necropolis of Mutina
Table 2: Archaeobotanical data from the sites A-B-C-D-F-G-H-I
Table 3: Archaeobotanical data by centuries from Site A - Novisad
Figure 2: Percentage seeds/fruits groups (pie graphs) and total number of taxa (column graphs) per site. The graves of Site A have been divided according to dating (1st - 1st-2nd - 2nd-3rd - 3rd-4th century AD).
Table 4: Summary of the archaeobotanical data from Site A - Novisad
Figure 3: Photos of seeds/fruits remains of Cereals and Pulses: 1. Lathyrus sativus (seed - 3,8 mm) g238
2. Lens culinaris (seed - 2,7 mm) g34
3. Pisum sativum (seed - 3,2 mm) g204
4. Vicia sativa (seed - 4,6 mm) g348
5. Lupinus albus (seed - 6,7 mm)
Figure 4: Photos of seeds/fruits remains of Fruits plants s.l.: 1. Phoenix dactylifera (berries and seeds - 31,8mm
mm)
2. Olea europaea (endocarp - 12 mm) g52
3. Cornus mas (endocarp - 18 mm) g10
4 and 5. Vitis vinifera (pip c - 4,3 mm
pip nc - 6,0 m
Table 5: Difference between Mutina and its suburbs
Table 6: Plant offerings simbology
Table 7: Ornamental plants from Site A - Novisad
Table 8: Anthracological data from Site A - Novisad
Table 9: Anthracological data from Site B - Via Ferrari
Table 10: Anthracological data from Site C - Via Cesana
Table 11: Anthracological data from Site D - Via Pica
Table 12: Anthracological data from Site G - Marzaglia
Table 13: Anthracological data from Site I - Spilamberto
Figure 5: Percentage charcoal taxa per site (small pie graphs) and total (large pie graph).
Figure 6: Date SAXS pattern of the modern samples burnt at different temperatures: green= date 900 °C, pink= date 700 °C red= date 500 °C blu= date 200 °C
Figure 7: Fig SAXS pattern of the modern samples burnt at different temperatures: green= fig 700 °C, pink= fig 200 °C red= fig 900 °C blu= fig 500 °C
Figure 8: Onion SAXS pattern of the modern samples burnt at different temperatures: pink= onion 700 °C red= onion 500 °C blu= onion 200 °C
Figure 9: Lampascioni SAXS pattern of the modern samples burnt at different temperatures: green= onion 900 °C, pink= onion 700 °C red= onion 500 °C blu= onion 200 °C
Figure 10: SAXS pattern of dates of sites A and B: pink=Tomb 234 Site A red= Tomb 2 Site B blu= Tomb 1 Site B
Figure 11: SAXS pattern of figs of sites A, B, C green= Tomb 1 Site B, pink= Tomb 137 Site A red= Tomb 234 Site A blu= Tomb 11 Site C
Figure 12: SAXS pattern of 'bulbs' of site A pink= Tomb 232 red= Tomb 152 blu= Tomb 359
Figure 13: SAXS pattern of modern dates and archaeobotanical dates of sites A, B green= date 200 °C, pink= date 700 °C red= date 500 °C blu= date 200 °C black= Tomb 1 Site B dark blu= Tomb 2 Site B light green= Tomb 234 Site A
Figure 14: SAXS pattern of modern figs and archaeobotanical figs of sites A, B, C green= Tomb 1 Site B, pink=Tomb 137 Site A red= Tomb 234 Site A blu= Tomb 11 Site C black= fig 200 °C dark blu= fig 700 °C light green= fig 900 °C light blu= fig 500 °C
Introduction
Project
Religious thought
Plants
Rituals
Gardens
The Roman funerary ritual
Cremation and burial
Epigraphic, literary, and iconographic evidence
Literary sources
Epigraphic sources
Iconographic evidence
Mutina: The city and the Necropolis
North of the Via Emilia
South of the Via Emilia
The Necropolises
Site A - Novisad
Site B - Ferrari
Site C - Via Cesana.
Site D - Via Pica
Site F - Fer-Mo-Sa
Site G - Marzaglia Corpus Domini
Site I - Spilamberto
Material and methods
Necropolis of the ager mutinensis:
The Mutina necropolis:
Archaeobotanical analysis
Seeds/fruits
Charcoals
Results
Archaeological remains
Cooking and table ware
Oil lamps
Archaeozoological remains
Decorated bones
Nails
Coins
Archaeobotanical remains
Archaeobotanical traces of ornamental plants
Charcoals
CT-scan and Saxs analysis
SAXS Results
CT-scan discussion
Discussion
Conclusion
Tombs analysed by funerary ritual aspects
Site A
Site B
Site G
Interpretation of the six graves from Site G
Conclusion
Bibliography.
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Figure 1: Map of the studied necropolis of Mutina
Table 1: Graves analysed from the necropolis of Mutina
Table 2: Archaeobotanical data from the sites A-B-C-D-F-G-H-I
Table 3: Archaeobotanical data by centuries from Site A - Novisad
Figure 2: Percentage seeds/fruits groups (pie graphs) and total number of taxa (column graphs) per site. The graves of Site A have been divided according to dating (1st - 1st-2nd - 2nd-3rd - 3rd-4th century AD).
Table 4: Summary of the archaeobotanical data from Site A - Novisad
Figure 3: Photos of seeds/fruits remains of Cereals and Pulses: 1. Lathyrus sativus (seed - 3,8 mm) g238
2. Lens culinaris (seed - 2,7 mm) g34
3. Pisum sativum (seed - 3,2 mm) g204
4. Vicia sativa (seed - 4,6 mm) g348
5. Lupinus albus (seed - 6,7 mm)
Figure 4: Photos of seeds/fruits remains of Fruits plants s.l.: 1. Phoenix dactylifera (berries and seeds - 31,8mm
mm)
2. Olea europaea (endocarp - 12 mm) g52
3. Cornus mas (endocarp - 18 mm) g10
4 and 5. Vitis vinifera (pip c - 4,3 mm
pip nc - 6,0 m
Table 5: Difference between Mutina and its suburbs
Table 6: Plant offerings simbology
Table 7: Ornamental plants from Site A - Novisad
Table 8: Anthracological data from Site A - Novisad
Table 9: Anthracological data from Site B - Via Ferrari
Table 10: Anthracological data from Site C - Via Cesana
Table 11: Anthracological data from Site D - Via Pica
Table 12: Anthracological data from Site G - Marzaglia
Table 13: Anthracological data from Site I - Spilamberto
Figure 5: Percentage charcoal taxa per site (small pie graphs) and total (large pie graph).
Figure 6: Date SAXS pattern of the modern samples burnt at different temperatures: green= date 900 °C, pink= date 700 °C red= date 500 °C blu= date 200 °C
Figure 7: Fig SAXS pattern of the modern samples burnt at different temperatures: green= fig 700 °C, pink= fig 200 °C red= fig 900 °C blu= fig 500 °C
Figure 8: Onion SAXS pattern of the modern samples burnt at different temperatures: pink= onion 700 °C red= onion 500 °C blu= onion 200 °C
Figure 9: Lampascioni SAXS pattern of the modern samples burnt at different temperatures: green= onion 900 °C, pink= onion 700 °C red= onion 500 °C blu= onion 200 °C
Figure 10: SAXS pattern of dates of sites A and B: pink=Tomb 234 Site A red= Tomb 2 Site B blu= Tomb 1 Site B
Figure 11: SAXS pattern of figs of sites A, B, C green= Tomb 1 Site B, pink= Tomb 137 Site A red= Tomb 234 Site A blu= Tomb 11 Site C
Figure 12: SAXS pattern of 'bulbs' of site A pink= Tomb 232 red= Tomb 152 blu= Tomb 359
Figure 13: SAXS pattern of modern dates and archaeobotanical dates of sites A, B green= date 200 °C, pink= date 700 °C red= date 500 °C blu= date 200 °C black= Tomb 1 Site B dark blu= Tomb 2 Site B light green= Tomb 234 Site A
Figure 14: SAXS pattern of modern figs and archaeobotanical figs of sites A, B, C green= Tomb 1 Site B, pink=Tomb 137 Site A red= Tomb 234 Site A blu= Tomb 11 Site C black= fig 200 °C dark blu= fig 700 °C light green= fig 900 °C light blu= fig 500 °C
Introduction
Project
Religious thought
Plants
Rituals
Gardens
The Roman funerary ritual
Cremation and burial
Epigraphic, literary, and iconographic evidence
Literary sources
Epigraphic sources
Iconographic evidence
Mutina: The city and the Necropolis
North of the Via Emilia
South of the Via Emilia
The Necropolises
Site A - Novisad
Site B - Ferrari
Site C - Via Cesana.
Site D - Via Pica
Site F - Fer-Mo-Sa
Site G - Marzaglia Corpus Domini
Site I - Spilamberto
Material and methods
Necropolis of the ager mutinensis:
The Mutina necropolis:
Archaeobotanical analysis
Seeds/fruits
Charcoals
Results
Archaeological remains
Cooking and table ware
Oil lamps
Archaeozoological remains
Decorated bones
Nails
Coins
Archaeobotanical remains
Archaeobotanical traces of ornamental plants
Charcoals
CT-scan and Saxs analysis
SAXS Results
CT-scan discussion
Discussion
Conclusion
Tombs analysed by funerary ritual aspects
Site A
Site B
Site G
Interpretation of the six graves from Site G
Conclusion
Bibliography.