Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Editors biography
Suresh C Pillai
Priyanka Ganguly
List of contributors
Chapter 1 2D nanomaterials and composites for energy storage and conversion
1.1 Introduction to the two-dimensional world of materials
1.2 Fundamentals of nanomaterials
1.3 The introduction of two-dimensional terminology for nanomaterials
1.4 Extraordinary behaviour of 2D nanomaterials
1.4.1 Absence of van der Waals interactions in 2D nanomaterials
1.4.2 Higher specific surface area
1.4.3 Electron confinement and direct bandgap in 2D nanomaterial
1.5 Various classes of two-dimensional materials
1.5.1 Graphene
1.5.2 Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
1.5.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)
1.5.4 Layered double hydroxides (LDHs)
1.5.5 Black phosphorus (BP)
1.5.6 Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
1.5.7 Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)
1.5.8 MXene
1.6 Nanocomposite-based material
1.7 Synthesis methods for the preparation of nanoparticles
1.7.1 Top-down procedure
1.7.2 Bottom-up procedure
1.8 Characterisation of the 2D nanomaterials
1.9 Fantastic properties of 2D materials and their applications
1.10 Future perspectives
References
Chapter 2 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures for hydrogen storage applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures as potential candidates for hydrogen storage
2.2.1 Graphene and graphitic monolayers
2.2.2 Metal hydrides
2.2.3 Zeolites
2.2.4 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
2.2.5 MXenes
2.2.6 Transition metal dichalcogenides
2.3 Current challenges and future perspectives of 2D material-based hydrogen economy
2.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Defect engineering in 2D materials and its application for storage and conversion
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Defect engineering in energy storage application
3.2.1 Batteries
3.2.2 Electrochemical capacitors
3.3 Defect engineering in the energy conversion reaction
3.3.1 Hydrogen evolution reactions (HER)
3.3.2 Oxygen reduction reaction
3.3.3 Oxygen evolution reaction (OER)
3.4 Conclusion and outlook
References
Chapter 4 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures as cathode and anode materials for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries
4.1 Introduction to rechargeable batteries
4.1.1 Brief history and operating principle of the current SOA LIB
4.1.2 Research focus for future rechargeable alkali-ion batteries
4.2 Two-dimensional nanomaterials as active materials for LIBs and NIBs
4.2.1 2D nanomaterials
4.2.2 Motivation for incorporation of 2D nanomaterials into future LIBs and NIBs
4.2.3 Higher capacity charge-storage reaction mechanisms in 2D active-materials
4.2.4 Intercalation reactions
4.2.5 Candidate 2D active-materials for future LIBs and NIBs
4.3 Hybrid 2D active-materials-nanocomposites and layered heterostructures
4.3.1 2D-2D nanocomposites
4.3.2 2D Van der Waals layered heterostructures as LIB and NIB active materials
4.4 The rate-performance of 2D active-materials for LIBs and NIBs
4.4.1 Quantifying the factors limiting rate-performance in battery electrodes
4.4.2 Relationship between τ and physical properties
4.4.3 Quantifying the trade-off between absolute capacity and rate-performance in battery electrodes
4.4.4 The rate-performance of 2D material based battery electrodes may not be as good as commonly believed
References
Chapter 5 Graphene analogues and their heterostructures for ultrafast lithium and sodium-ion battery
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Lithium ion battery
5.3 Carbonaceous nanomaterials
5.3.1 Graphene
5.4 Graphene analogues.
5.5 Graphene, graphene analogues and their heterostructures as electrode materials for LIBs
5.5.1 Graphene
5.5.2 Graphene analogues and heterostructures
5.5.3 Graphene heterostructures
5.5.4 Graphene quantum dots (GQD)
5.6 Sodium-ion battery
5.6.1 Graphene and its composites as anode materials for NIBs
5.6.2 Graphene analogues and their composites as anode materials for NIBs
5.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 MXenes for improved electrochemical applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Properties of MXene related to energy storage applications
6.3 MXene based electrodes for capacitors
6.3.1 MXene-based electrode materials for supercapacitor
6.3.2 MXene-graphene composite electrode materials for supercapacitor
6.3.3 Other MXene based composite electrode materials for supercapacitor
6.3.4 MXene based electrode materials for microsupercapacitors
6.4 MXenes in batteries
6.5 MXenes for transparent conductive electrodes and transparent energy storage devices
6.6 MXene for energy conversion
6.6.1 MXenes for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)
6.6.2 MXenes for hydrogen evolution reaction
6.6.3 MXenes for CO2 reduction
6.7 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 7 MXenes for solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Synthetic methods
7.2.1 Top-down approach
7.2.2 Bottom-up approach
7.3 Characterisation of MXenes
7.3.1 Microstructure and morphology
7.3.2 Surface chemistry
7.4 MXene supercapacitors
7.4.1 Symmetric supercapacitors
7.4.2 Asymmetric supercapacitors
7.5 Research trend and summary
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 8 Advances in 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures for photocatalytic energy conversion
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Photocatalytic water splitting.
8.2.1 Inorganic metal 2D semiconductors and their heterostructures
8.2.2 Inorganic nonmetallic 2D semiconductors and their heterostructures
8.2.3 Organic 2D polymer or carbon-based semiconductors and their heterostructures
8.3 Perspectives and future advances
8.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9 Theoretical prediction of catalytic activity of 2D nanomaterials for energy applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Theoretical foundation
Density functional theory
GW approximation
BSE approximation
9.3 Electronic structure properties
9.3.1 Band structure and band alignments
9.3.2 Optical absorption
9.3.3 Charge carrier effective masses
9.4 Thermodynamic stability
9.5 pH dependence
9.6 Aqueous stability
9.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Emerging trends in 2D-MoS2 as an electrode material for supercapacitive application
10.1 Background-energy crisis
10.2 Supercapacitors for powering the future
10.3 2D-MoS2 as an electrode material for supercapacitor
10.3.1 Crystal structure
10.3.2 Synthesis routes
10.3.3 Electrochemical properties of MoS2
10.4 Hybrid electrode for supercapacitor
10.4.1 MoS2/carbonaceous networks
10.4.2 MoS2-metal based hybrid electrodes
10.4.3 MoS2-conducting polymers hybrid electrodes
10.4.4 Flexible and wearable MoS2 supercapacitors
10.5 Future perspectives
References.
Preface
Editors biography
Suresh C Pillai
Priyanka Ganguly
List of contributors
Chapter 1 2D nanomaterials and composites for energy storage and conversion
1.1 Introduction to the two-dimensional world of materials
1.2 Fundamentals of nanomaterials
1.3 The introduction of two-dimensional terminology for nanomaterials
1.4 Extraordinary behaviour of 2D nanomaterials
1.4.1 Absence of van der Waals interactions in 2D nanomaterials
1.4.2 Higher specific surface area
1.4.3 Electron confinement and direct bandgap in 2D nanomaterial
1.5 Various classes of two-dimensional materials
1.5.1 Graphene
1.5.2 Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
1.5.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)
1.5.4 Layered double hydroxides (LDHs)
1.5.5 Black phosphorus (BP)
1.5.6 Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
1.5.7 Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)
1.5.8 MXene
1.6 Nanocomposite-based material
1.7 Synthesis methods for the preparation of nanoparticles
1.7.1 Top-down procedure
1.7.2 Bottom-up procedure
1.8 Characterisation of the 2D nanomaterials
1.9 Fantastic properties of 2D materials and their applications
1.10 Future perspectives
References
Chapter 2 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures for hydrogen storage applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures as potential candidates for hydrogen storage
2.2.1 Graphene and graphitic monolayers
2.2.2 Metal hydrides
2.2.3 Zeolites
2.2.4 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
2.2.5 MXenes
2.2.6 Transition metal dichalcogenides
2.3 Current challenges and future perspectives of 2D material-based hydrogen economy
2.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Defect engineering in 2D materials and its application for storage and conversion
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Defect engineering in energy storage application
3.2.1 Batteries
3.2.2 Electrochemical capacitors
3.3 Defect engineering in the energy conversion reaction
3.3.1 Hydrogen evolution reactions (HER)
3.3.2 Oxygen reduction reaction
3.3.3 Oxygen evolution reaction (OER)
3.4 Conclusion and outlook
References
Chapter 4 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures as cathode and anode materials for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries
4.1 Introduction to rechargeable batteries
4.1.1 Brief history and operating principle of the current SOA LIB
4.1.2 Research focus for future rechargeable alkali-ion batteries
4.2 Two-dimensional nanomaterials as active materials for LIBs and NIBs
4.2.1 2D nanomaterials
4.2.2 Motivation for incorporation of 2D nanomaterials into future LIBs and NIBs
4.2.3 Higher capacity charge-storage reaction mechanisms in 2D active-materials
4.2.4 Intercalation reactions
4.2.5 Candidate 2D active-materials for future LIBs and NIBs
4.3 Hybrid 2D active-materials-nanocomposites and layered heterostructures
4.3.1 2D-2D nanocomposites
4.3.2 2D Van der Waals layered heterostructures as LIB and NIB active materials
4.4 The rate-performance of 2D active-materials for LIBs and NIBs
4.4.1 Quantifying the factors limiting rate-performance in battery electrodes
4.4.2 Relationship between τ and physical properties
4.4.3 Quantifying the trade-off between absolute capacity and rate-performance in battery electrodes
4.4.4 The rate-performance of 2D material based battery electrodes may not be as good as commonly believed
References
Chapter 5 Graphene analogues and their heterostructures for ultrafast lithium and sodium-ion battery
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Lithium ion battery
5.3 Carbonaceous nanomaterials
5.3.1 Graphene
5.4 Graphene analogues.
5.5 Graphene, graphene analogues and their heterostructures as electrode materials for LIBs
5.5.1 Graphene
5.5.2 Graphene analogues and heterostructures
5.5.3 Graphene heterostructures
5.5.4 Graphene quantum dots (GQD)
5.6 Sodium-ion battery
5.6.1 Graphene and its composites as anode materials for NIBs
5.6.2 Graphene analogues and their composites as anode materials for NIBs
5.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 MXenes for improved electrochemical applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Properties of MXene related to energy storage applications
6.3 MXene based electrodes for capacitors
6.3.1 MXene-based electrode materials for supercapacitor
6.3.2 MXene-graphene composite electrode materials for supercapacitor
6.3.3 Other MXene based composite electrode materials for supercapacitor
6.3.4 MXene based electrode materials for microsupercapacitors
6.4 MXenes in batteries
6.5 MXenes for transparent conductive electrodes and transparent energy storage devices
6.6 MXene for energy conversion
6.6.1 MXenes for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)
6.6.2 MXenes for hydrogen evolution reaction
6.6.3 MXenes for CO2 reduction
6.7 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 7 MXenes for solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Synthetic methods
7.2.1 Top-down approach
7.2.2 Bottom-up approach
7.3 Characterisation of MXenes
7.3.1 Microstructure and morphology
7.3.2 Surface chemistry
7.4 MXene supercapacitors
7.4.1 Symmetric supercapacitors
7.4.2 Asymmetric supercapacitors
7.5 Research trend and summary
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 8 Advances in 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures for photocatalytic energy conversion
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Photocatalytic water splitting.
8.2.1 Inorganic metal 2D semiconductors and their heterostructures
8.2.2 Inorganic nonmetallic 2D semiconductors and their heterostructures
8.2.3 Organic 2D polymer or carbon-based semiconductors and their heterostructures
8.3 Perspectives and future advances
8.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9 Theoretical prediction of catalytic activity of 2D nanomaterials for energy applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Theoretical foundation
Density functional theory
GW approximation
BSE approximation
9.3 Electronic structure properties
9.3.1 Band structure and band alignments
9.3.2 Optical absorption
9.3.3 Charge carrier effective masses
9.4 Thermodynamic stability
9.5 pH dependence
9.6 Aqueous stability
9.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Emerging trends in 2D-MoS2 as an electrode material for supercapacitive application
10.1 Background-energy crisis
10.2 Supercapacitors for powering the future
10.3 2D-MoS2 as an electrode material for supercapacitor
10.3.1 Crystal structure
10.3.2 Synthesis routes
10.3.3 Electrochemical properties of MoS2
10.4 Hybrid electrode for supercapacitor
10.4.1 MoS2/carbonaceous networks
10.4.2 MoS2-metal based hybrid electrodes
10.4.3 MoS2-conducting polymers hybrid electrodes
10.4.4 Flexible and wearable MoS2 supercapacitors
10.5 Future perspectives
References.