Medicinal Plants Phytomedicines and Traditional Herbal Remedies for Drug Discovery and Development Against COVID-19.

Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Phytoconstituents from Mother Nature against SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19
Neelesh Kumar Nema1,*, Swapnil Devidas Khamborkar1, Smitha Sarojam1, Baby Kumaranthara Chacko1 and Viju Jacob1
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SARS-CoV-2 and Phytoconstituents Data Collection
Information Evaluation
RESULTS
SARS-CoV-2 and Ethnomedicinal Plants
SARS-CoV-2 Morphological Features and Structure
SARS-CoV-2 Replication in the Host Cells
Interactions with the Host Cell
Fusion of Genomes
Replication (Transcription and Translation)
Exit from the Host Cell
Targets for Therapeutic Intervention
Pre-Viral Infection Targeted Approaches
Post-Viral Infection Targeted Approaches
SARS-COV-2 REPLICATION
Immunomodulatory Targets
Solutions for the Treatment
Medicinal Plants from Mother Nature
Andrographis paniculata
Azadirachta indica
Cinnamomum verum
Clerodendrum serratum
Curcuma longa
Cymbopogon jwarancusa
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Hedychium spicatum
Inula racemosa
Justicia adhatoda
Illicium verum
Ocimum basilicum &
Ocimum tenuiflorum
Phyllanthus emblica
Pichrorhiza kurroa
Swertia chirata
Syzygium aromaticum
Tinospora cordifolia
Withania somnifera
Zingiber afficinale
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Role of Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicine against COVID-19 Management
Kunika Saini1, Smriti Sharma1,* and Vinayak Bhatia2
INTRODUCTION
TRANSMISSION AND LIFE CYCLE OF SARS-COV-2
LIFE CYCLE OF SARS-COV-2
DRUG DISCOVERY STRATEGIES AGAINST SARS-COV-2 INFECTION
An Outline of COVID-19 Therapeutics and Drugs
Drug Design Strategies against COVID-19
ROLE OF PHYTOMEDICINE IN TREATING SARS-COV-2 INFECTION.

Phytomedicine: The Gold Mine for Designing Novel Drugs
The Potential of Medicinal Plants for Treating COVID-19
Ayurvedic Approaches
Unani Approaches
Siddha Approaches
MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR TREATING COVID-19: CURRENT STATUS
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES
Immune Foods for Fighting Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)
Chinaza Godswill Awuchi1,2,3,*, Hannington Twinomuhwezi2,4, Chibueze Gospel Awuchi5, Ikechukwu O. Amagwuala3 and Chukwuebuka Egbuna6,7,8
INTRODUCTION
ROLE OF FOODS CONSTITUENTS IN IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
Macronutrients and Their Immune Functions
Micronutrients and Their Immune Functions
FOOD COMPONENTS, NUTRIENTS, AND COVID-19
IMMUNE BOOSTING MICRONUTRIENTS AGAINST COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2)
Vitamins for Fighting COVID-19
Minerals for Fighting COVID-19
ACTIONS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FOODS AGAINST COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2)
FOOD, OBESITY, IMMUNITY, AND COVID-19
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Plant Sources of Pro and Anti-Inflammatory Mediators against COVID-19
Iqra Yasmin1,*, Wahab A. Khan2, Ayesha Manzoor3, Muhammad W. Iqbal4 and Muhammad Azam5
INTRODUCTION
Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Mediators from Fruits and Vegetables
Health Benefits
In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Fruits and Vegetables against Inflammation
Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Mediators from Legumes
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Drug Therapies against Acute Respiratory Distress: A Critical Endpoint of COVID-19
Maha M. Salama1,2, Rana M. Merghany3, Ahmed Zayed4, Mohamed A. Salem5 and Shahira M. Ezzat1,6,*
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN CORONAVIRUSES AND SARS-COV- 2
CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AND COVID-19
CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19.

Antiviral Drugs Approved/Under Assessment for the Treatment of COVID-19
Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients COVID-19 (with Anticoagulants and/or Antiplatelet Drugs)
Anti-Coagulant Therapy
Anti-Platelet Therapy
Cell-Based Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19 (Under Assessment)
Reported Clinical Trials on Mesenchymal Cells for COVID-19
Immunomodulatory/Anti-cytokine Therapies
Convalescent Plasma
Anti-Cytokine Therapies
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy
Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
Corticosteroids
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Herbal Medicines Alleviating Acute Respiratory Infection
i. Echinacea purpurea
ii. Portulaca oleracea
iii. Eucalyptus globulus
iv. Glycyrrhiza glabra
v. Curcuma longa
vi. Thymus vulgaris
vii. Taraxacum sp.
viii. Ginkgo biloba
ix. Radix bupleuri
HERBAL-DERIVED NATURAL PRODUCTS IN BOOSTING THE BODY'S IMMUNITY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Medicinal Spices for the Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019
Muhammad Akram1,*, Rabia Anum2, Walaa Fikry Elbossaty3, Chukwuebuka Egbuna4,5,6, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi7,8,9, Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche10, Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu4,5, Soumya Bhattacharya11 and Mithun Rudrapal12
INTRODUCTION
Medicinal Plant Spices and Herbs for COVID-19
Ginger
Garlic
Fenugreek
Black Pepper
Clove
Red Chilli Peppers
Curcumin
Nigella Sativa
Fennel
Onion
Nutmeg
Cinnamon
Cinnamomum Tamala
Cardamum
Ajwain
Moringa Oleifera Lam
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Boosting Host Immunity to Combat Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)
Mithun Rudrapal1,*, Soumya Bhattacharya2 and Dipak Chetia3
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC INTERVENTIONS
IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO SARS-COV-2 INFECTION.

BOOSTING HOST IMMUNITY: DIETARY, HERBAL AND ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
Diet and Foods
Natural Foods
Fruits and Vegetables
Food Spices
Herbs and Herbal Drugs
Immunomodulatory Herbs
Antiviral Herbs
Herbs with Other Healing Properties
Yoga and Naturopathy
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Functional Foods, Herbal Supplements and Nutraceuticals in the Management of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)
Santwana Palai1,* and Mithun Rudrapal2
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COVID-19
DIETARY IMMUNOMODULATORS IN COVID-19 MANAGEMENT
FUNCTIONAL FOODS, HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS AND NUTRACEUTICALS IN DISEASES MANAGEMENT
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF ANTIVIRAL/IMMUNOMODULATORY FUNCTIONAL FOOD IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS/ PHYTOCONSTITUENTS/ NUTRACEUTICALS FOR RESPIRATORY AILMENTS/ INFECTIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF IMMUNOMODULATING NUTRACEUTICALS IN MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
FUTURE PERCEPTIVE
CONCLUSION
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Aromatic Plants, Essential oils, Carminatives, Tea Plants and Expectorant Herbs for the Management of COVID-19
Sonal Upadhyay1, Ravi Bhushan1, Pawan Kumar Dubey1, Bashir A Sheikh2, Mithun Rudrapal3,* and James H. Zothantluanga4
INTRODUCTION
AROMATIC PLANTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
Ginger
Clove
Curcumin
ESSENTIAL OILS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
Eucalyptus Oil
Garlic Oil
Eugenol, Menthol and Carvacrol
CARMINATIVES AND SPICE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
Long Pepper
Turmeric
Fenugreek
TEA PLANTS/ HERBAL TEA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
EXPECTORANT HERBS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19
Eucalyptus globulus
Hedera helix
Justicia pectoralis
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Back Cover.