Linked e-resources
Details
Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgement
Author biography
Ken Barat
List of contributors
Chapter 1 Why are laser accidents still happening?
1.1 Bad behavior and no negative consequences
1.2 Lessons learned/good practices
1.2.1 Common accident causes
1.3 Possible future: virtual reality
1.3.1 On-the-job training/mentoring (a topic you will find mentioned several times in this text, but learning is through repetition)
1.4 Recommendation
1.4.1 Trainer, what are your responsibilities?
1.4.2 Trainee, what are your responsibilities?
1.4.3 What makes up good coaching?
1.4.4 Training review
Chapter 2 Classification: a means of hazard communication
2.1 Cautionary note: laser classification by the LSO
2.2 Key item about laser hazard classification and why people care
2.3 Explanation of individual laser classes
2.4 System classification
2.4.1 Note on: limitations
2.4.2 IEC
2.4.3 CDRH
2.4.4 IEC
2.4.5 IEC class 1C
2.4.6 IEC
2.4.7 Classification changes that are being discussed
2.5 Classification based on control measures-laser control groups
2.6 Training slides on classification
Chapter 3 Biological effects: something you should know about
3.1 Confession time
3.2 Let's be truthful
3.3 Oh! I forgot about that
3.4 What is all the concern over?
3.5 All aboard-train station analogy
3.6 Injury below damage threshold
3.7 Indoor problems below the MPE do exist
3.8 Equipment damage
3.9 So where do wavelengths go?
3.9.1 UV
3.9.2 Visible
3.9.3 Near-infrared 700 nm-1400 nm
3.9.4 Mid- and far-IR
3.10 How is damage caused?
3.11 The anatomy of your eye
3.11.1 The cornea
3.11.2 The aqueous chambers
3.11.3 The lens
3.11.4 The retina
3.11.5 The iris/pupil
3.12 800 nm trap
3.12.1 Damage mechanisms by wavelength.
3.13 Things to know
3.13.1 Aversion response
3.13.2 Near IR effects
3.13.3 Injuries outside the fovea
3.13.4 Vitreal hemorrhages
3.13.5 Blood in the eye, toxic effects
3.13.6 Beam size does have an effect
3.13.7 Damn! Corneal injury hurts
3.14 Physiological damage mechanisms
3.15 Quick summary
3.16 Skin
3.17 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Laser safety terms: the language LSOs speak
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definitions that explain laser safety
4.2.1 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE)
4.2.2 Nominal hazard zone (NHZ)
4.2.3 Nominal ocular hazard distance (NOHD)
4.2.4 Optical density (OD)
4.2.5 Irradiance
4.2.6 Accessible emission limit (AEL)
4.2.7 Continuous wave (CW)
4.2.8 Pulsed beam
4.2.9 Diffuse reflection
4.2.10 Specular reflection
4.3 Glossary of terms
Chapter 5 Risk assessment for lasers
5.1 Purpose
5.2 Applicability
5.3 Preface
5.4 Background
5.5 What is a risk assessment?
5.6 Fundamental concepts
5.7 Terms and definitions
5.8 Likelihood of occurrence (probability)
5.9 Consequence (severity)
5.10 Why is risk assessment important?
5.11 Where are risk assessments noted/required by regulations?
5.12 What is the goal of risk assessment?
5.13 What is acceptable risk?
5.14 Note on structure of the risk assessment worksheets
Chapter 6 Laser protective eyewear, looking sharp in the laser lab
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Eyewear labeling
6.2.1 What does &
#62
or + mean?
6.3 Can eyewear break down/fail?
6.4 Ultrafast pulses and laser eyewear
6.4.1 At a glance
6.4.2 Details
6.5 Angle of exposure
6.6 Attacked from behind
6.7 Unusual eyewear event #1
6.7.1 What to take away from this
6.8 Unusual eyewear event #2
6.9 Absorptive versus reflective filter
6.10 Impact resistance.
6.11 Manufacturer protection curves and non-labelled wavelengths
6.12 What to do if labeling wears off?
6.13 Prescription eyewear
6.14 Alignment eyewear
6.15 European labelling
6.15.1 Important notice to reader
6.15.2 Protection level
6.15.3 EN code
6.16 Storage of eyewear
6.16.1 Cleaning/disinfecting of eyewear
6.16.2 Bleach precautions
6.16.3 Best practice
6.16.4 What about UV devices for cleaning-be careful
6.16.5 Future of laser eyewear
6.17 Conclusion
Chapter 7 Regulations, you mean there are rules?
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Standards and regulations
7.3 Export control
7.3.1 University guidance examples
7.3.2 Example #2
7.4 Outdoor use
7.4.1 Non-MPE effects
7.5 What if you manufacture lasers?
7.5.1 Outside the United States, meaning the rest of the world
7.6 Laser users
7.6.1 Outside the United States
7.6.2 Within the United States
7.7 US States that have a laser regulatory programs
7.8 ANSI Z136
7.8.1 Special note overlooked by many
7.9 ANSI control measures
7.10 Concluding thoughts
Chapter 8 Safety culture and laser program management
8.1 Defining safety culture
8.2 Identifying and improving safety culture
8.2.1 Worker feedback
8.2.2 Leading and lagging indicators
8.3 Safety culture and the laser safety program
8.3.1 Laser safety officer
8.3.2 Risk assessments and standard operating procedures
8.3.3 Laser safety training
8.3.4 Change management
8.3.5 Continuous improvement
8.3.6 Incident investigation
8.3.7 Root cause analysis
8.3.8 Team-based investigations
8.4 Conclusion
Chapter 9 Performance-based learning in laser safety training
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Training vs competency
9.2 Alignment demonstration
9.2.1 More examples
9.3 Examples that apply PBL to laser safety training.
9.3.1 Eyewear selection
9.3.2 Service of class 1 product
9.3.3 Control area challenge
9.3.4 Accident review
9.3.5 Lab design
9.4 Value of these PBL exercises
9.5 Alignment class material
9.5.1 The results
9.6 Conclusion
Chapter 10 Training, breaking through to users
10.1 Training
10.2 Training vs competency
10.3 Institutional-required by regulations and standards
10.4 Training techniques and approaches
10.4.1 Online courses
10.4.2 Webinar/video conference approach
10.4.3 Virtual reality (VR) approach
10.4.4 Augmented reality (AR) AI approach
10.4.5 Written handout
10.5 On-the-job training-site/equipment specific
10.6 Refresher training
10.7 Service staff challenges
10.8 Mobile app training, an effective training delivery approach
10.9 Microlearning?
10.10 Game learning
10.11 Just-in-time learning, safe plan of action
10.12 On-the-job training-OJT or is it just mentoring?
10.12.1 How long should it take?
10.12.2 How should OJT be performed?
10.12.3 What needs to be covered?
10.12.4 Who should the mentor be?
10.12.5 Do as I say, not as I do
10.12.6 Does OJT need to be documented?
10.12.7 Is follow-up needed?
10.13 More on refresher training
10.13.1 Why refresher training?
10.13.2 How do existing standards address the idea of refresher training?
10.14 Effective refresher training, what are one's options?
10.14.1 Frequency is an important factor
10.14.2 Refresher conclusion
10.15 Standards and training
10.16 Training record retention
10.16.1 Use of training records
10.16.2 Management and administration
10.17 Conclusion
Chapter 11 Mentoring, do what I say and follow my lead
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 As a side note
11.2 Goal of mentoring
11.3 The ten core laser safety principals.
11.4 How to be a good mentor or trainer?
11.5 For those that like it short and simple
11.6 A hard lesson for those giving OJT/mentoring
11.6.1 Hold direct answers back
11.7 What about mistakes?
11.8 Commonly overlooked topics
11.9 Safety culture
11.10 Conclusion
Chapter 12 Can everyone understand your work? Considering visual disabilities when designing graphics and presentation
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Disability and ethics
12.1.2 Types of visual disabilities
12.1.3 Why do we care?
12.2 Color deficient vision
12.2.1 Color vision
12.2.2 Types of deficient color vision
12.2.3 Other visual disabilities
12.3 General strategies for accommodating color vision impairments
12.3.1 Color choice
12.3.2 Textures and patterns
12.3.3 Color as an aid
12.4 Considerations for all visual disabilities and conditions
12.4.1 Accessibility for electronic media
12.4.2 Contrast
12.4.3 Describing images
12.4.4 Publications
12.4.5 Safety and visual impairment
12.4.6 Online training
References
Chapter 13 Managing laser safety across multiple sites
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Responsibilities and accountability
13.2.1 The DLSO
13.2.2 Clarifying responsibilities
13.3 Standardization
13.3.1 People focused
13.3.2 Clear communication
13.4 Cultural relevance
13.4.1 Safety culture matters
13.5 Inspect what you expect
13.6 Summary
References
Chapter 14 Ergonomics in a laser lab, you must be joking
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Lab ergonomics, reaching across the table
14.3 Typical work activities and posture
14.3.1 Do you have back pain?
14.4 Getting higher
14.5 Standing around
14.6 Weight/lifting
14.7 Vertical breadboard
14.8 Work hours
14.9 Concluding thoughts
Chapter 15 Laser safety tools: making your life better for less.
15.1 Introduction.
Preface
Acknowledgement
Author biography
Ken Barat
List of contributors
Chapter 1 Why are laser accidents still happening?
1.1 Bad behavior and no negative consequences
1.2 Lessons learned/good practices
1.2.1 Common accident causes
1.3 Possible future: virtual reality
1.3.1 On-the-job training/mentoring (a topic you will find mentioned several times in this text, but learning is through repetition)
1.4 Recommendation
1.4.1 Trainer, what are your responsibilities?
1.4.2 Trainee, what are your responsibilities?
1.4.3 What makes up good coaching?
1.4.4 Training review
Chapter 2 Classification: a means of hazard communication
2.1 Cautionary note: laser classification by the LSO
2.2 Key item about laser hazard classification and why people care
2.3 Explanation of individual laser classes
2.4 System classification
2.4.1 Note on: limitations
2.4.2 IEC
2.4.3 CDRH
2.4.4 IEC
2.4.5 IEC class 1C
2.4.6 IEC
2.4.7 Classification changes that are being discussed
2.5 Classification based on control measures-laser control groups
2.6 Training slides on classification
Chapter 3 Biological effects: something you should know about
3.1 Confession time
3.2 Let's be truthful
3.3 Oh! I forgot about that
3.4 What is all the concern over?
3.5 All aboard-train station analogy
3.6 Injury below damage threshold
3.7 Indoor problems below the MPE do exist
3.8 Equipment damage
3.9 So where do wavelengths go?
3.9.1 UV
3.9.2 Visible
3.9.3 Near-infrared 700 nm-1400 nm
3.9.4 Mid- and far-IR
3.10 How is damage caused?
3.11 The anatomy of your eye
3.11.1 The cornea
3.11.2 The aqueous chambers
3.11.3 The lens
3.11.4 The retina
3.11.5 The iris/pupil
3.12 800 nm trap
3.12.1 Damage mechanisms by wavelength.
3.13 Things to know
3.13.1 Aversion response
3.13.2 Near IR effects
3.13.3 Injuries outside the fovea
3.13.4 Vitreal hemorrhages
3.13.5 Blood in the eye, toxic effects
3.13.6 Beam size does have an effect
3.13.7 Damn! Corneal injury hurts
3.14 Physiological damage mechanisms
3.15 Quick summary
3.16 Skin
3.17 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Laser safety terms: the language LSOs speak
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definitions that explain laser safety
4.2.1 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE)
4.2.2 Nominal hazard zone (NHZ)
4.2.3 Nominal ocular hazard distance (NOHD)
4.2.4 Optical density (OD)
4.2.5 Irradiance
4.2.6 Accessible emission limit (AEL)
4.2.7 Continuous wave (CW)
4.2.8 Pulsed beam
4.2.9 Diffuse reflection
4.2.10 Specular reflection
4.3 Glossary of terms
Chapter 5 Risk assessment for lasers
5.1 Purpose
5.2 Applicability
5.3 Preface
5.4 Background
5.5 What is a risk assessment?
5.6 Fundamental concepts
5.7 Terms and definitions
5.8 Likelihood of occurrence (probability)
5.9 Consequence (severity)
5.10 Why is risk assessment important?
5.11 Where are risk assessments noted/required by regulations?
5.12 What is the goal of risk assessment?
5.13 What is acceptable risk?
5.14 Note on structure of the risk assessment worksheets
Chapter 6 Laser protective eyewear, looking sharp in the laser lab
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Eyewear labeling
6.2.1 What does &
#62
or + mean?
6.3 Can eyewear break down/fail?
6.4 Ultrafast pulses and laser eyewear
6.4.1 At a glance
6.4.2 Details
6.5 Angle of exposure
6.6 Attacked from behind
6.7 Unusual eyewear event #1
6.7.1 What to take away from this
6.8 Unusual eyewear event #2
6.9 Absorptive versus reflective filter
6.10 Impact resistance.
6.11 Manufacturer protection curves and non-labelled wavelengths
6.12 What to do if labeling wears off?
6.13 Prescription eyewear
6.14 Alignment eyewear
6.15 European labelling
6.15.1 Important notice to reader
6.15.2 Protection level
6.15.3 EN code
6.16 Storage of eyewear
6.16.1 Cleaning/disinfecting of eyewear
6.16.2 Bleach precautions
6.16.3 Best practice
6.16.4 What about UV devices for cleaning-be careful
6.16.5 Future of laser eyewear
6.17 Conclusion
Chapter 7 Regulations, you mean there are rules?
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Standards and regulations
7.3 Export control
7.3.1 University guidance examples
7.3.2 Example #2
7.4 Outdoor use
7.4.1 Non-MPE effects
7.5 What if you manufacture lasers?
7.5.1 Outside the United States, meaning the rest of the world
7.6 Laser users
7.6.1 Outside the United States
7.6.2 Within the United States
7.7 US States that have a laser regulatory programs
7.8 ANSI Z136
7.8.1 Special note overlooked by many
7.9 ANSI control measures
7.10 Concluding thoughts
Chapter 8 Safety culture and laser program management
8.1 Defining safety culture
8.2 Identifying and improving safety culture
8.2.1 Worker feedback
8.2.2 Leading and lagging indicators
8.3 Safety culture and the laser safety program
8.3.1 Laser safety officer
8.3.2 Risk assessments and standard operating procedures
8.3.3 Laser safety training
8.3.4 Change management
8.3.5 Continuous improvement
8.3.6 Incident investigation
8.3.7 Root cause analysis
8.3.8 Team-based investigations
8.4 Conclusion
Chapter 9 Performance-based learning in laser safety training
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Training vs competency
9.2 Alignment demonstration
9.2.1 More examples
9.3 Examples that apply PBL to laser safety training.
9.3.1 Eyewear selection
9.3.2 Service of class 1 product
9.3.3 Control area challenge
9.3.4 Accident review
9.3.5 Lab design
9.4 Value of these PBL exercises
9.5 Alignment class material
9.5.1 The results
9.6 Conclusion
Chapter 10 Training, breaking through to users
10.1 Training
10.2 Training vs competency
10.3 Institutional-required by regulations and standards
10.4 Training techniques and approaches
10.4.1 Online courses
10.4.2 Webinar/video conference approach
10.4.3 Virtual reality (VR) approach
10.4.4 Augmented reality (AR) AI approach
10.4.5 Written handout
10.5 On-the-job training-site/equipment specific
10.6 Refresher training
10.7 Service staff challenges
10.8 Mobile app training, an effective training delivery approach
10.9 Microlearning?
10.10 Game learning
10.11 Just-in-time learning, safe plan of action
10.12 On-the-job training-OJT or is it just mentoring?
10.12.1 How long should it take?
10.12.2 How should OJT be performed?
10.12.3 What needs to be covered?
10.12.4 Who should the mentor be?
10.12.5 Do as I say, not as I do
10.12.6 Does OJT need to be documented?
10.12.7 Is follow-up needed?
10.13 More on refresher training
10.13.1 Why refresher training?
10.13.2 How do existing standards address the idea of refresher training?
10.14 Effective refresher training, what are one's options?
10.14.1 Frequency is an important factor
10.14.2 Refresher conclusion
10.15 Standards and training
10.16 Training record retention
10.16.1 Use of training records
10.16.2 Management and administration
10.17 Conclusion
Chapter 11 Mentoring, do what I say and follow my lead
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 As a side note
11.2 Goal of mentoring
11.3 The ten core laser safety principals.
11.4 How to be a good mentor or trainer?
11.5 For those that like it short and simple
11.6 A hard lesson for those giving OJT/mentoring
11.6.1 Hold direct answers back
11.7 What about mistakes?
11.8 Commonly overlooked topics
11.9 Safety culture
11.10 Conclusion
Chapter 12 Can everyone understand your work? Considering visual disabilities when designing graphics and presentation
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Disability and ethics
12.1.2 Types of visual disabilities
12.1.3 Why do we care?
12.2 Color deficient vision
12.2.1 Color vision
12.2.2 Types of deficient color vision
12.2.3 Other visual disabilities
12.3 General strategies for accommodating color vision impairments
12.3.1 Color choice
12.3.2 Textures and patterns
12.3.3 Color as an aid
12.4 Considerations for all visual disabilities and conditions
12.4.1 Accessibility for electronic media
12.4.2 Contrast
12.4.3 Describing images
12.4.4 Publications
12.4.5 Safety and visual impairment
12.4.6 Online training
References
Chapter 13 Managing laser safety across multiple sites
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Responsibilities and accountability
13.2.1 The DLSO
13.2.2 Clarifying responsibilities
13.3 Standardization
13.3.1 People focused
13.3.2 Clear communication
13.4 Cultural relevance
13.4.1 Safety culture matters
13.5 Inspect what you expect
13.6 Summary
References
Chapter 14 Ergonomics in a laser lab, you must be joking
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Lab ergonomics, reaching across the table
14.3 Typical work activities and posture
14.3.1 Do you have back pain?
14.4 Getting higher
14.5 Standing around
14.6 Weight/lifting
14.7 Vertical breadboard
14.8 Work hours
14.9 Concluding thoughts
Chapter 15 Laser safety tools: making your life better for less.
15.1 Introduction.