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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Editor biographies
Ashish K Kasar
Arpith Siddaiah
Pradeep L Menezes
List of contributors
Chapter 1 Synthesis of bio-based lubricants
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Evolution of lubricants and bio-based lubricants
1.3 Leverage associated with bio-lubricants
1.4 Properties of vegetable oil derived lubricants
1.4.1 Viscosity
1.4.2 Pour point, flash point, and fire point
1.4.3 Oxidation stability (OS)
1.5 Reaction mechanism
1.6 Tailoring the properties of bio-based lubricants
1.6.1 Esterification
1.6.2 Hydrogenation (HG)
1.6.3 Oligomerization
1.6.4 Epoxidation
1.6.5 Chemical and thermal modification
1.6.6 Structure tailoring
1.7 Obstructions associated with bio/vegetable-based lubricants
1.8 Resurgence and recent advances
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Bio-based lubricants and their environmental sustainability
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Closed loop concept of sustainability
2.3 Synthesis and evaluation of green cutting fluid
2.3.1 Toxicity evaluation of constituents
2.3.2 GC-MS analysis of commercial and GCF samples
2.3.3 Biodegradability and corrosion study of cutting fluids
2.3.4 Corrosion aspect of MWF (corrosion tests)
2.3.5 Bacterial growth study
2.3.6 Drilling and tool chip tribometer test
2.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Tribology of multifunctional bio-based lubricants
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Sources of bio-based lubricants
3.3 Classification of bio-based lubricants
3.4 Types of tribological testing to evaluate the multifunctionality of lubricants
3.5 Tribological behavior: friction behavior, wear behavior
3.5.1 Tribological characteristics of pure vegetable oils
3.5.2 Tribological characteristics of additized vegetable oils
3.5.3 Tribological characteristics of bio-based ionic liquids.
3.6 Summary and future research perspectives
References
Chapter 4 Multiphase bio-lubricants for engine components
4.1 History
4.2 Introduction
4.2.1 Friction, wear and lubrication for tribological surfaces
4.2.2 Friction
4.2.3 Wear
4.2.4 Lubrication
4.3 Tribological behavior of mechanical components in ICE
4.3.1 Gears
4.3.2 Cams and tappets
4.3.3 Piston rings
4.4 Challenges and future scope of bio-lubricants for ICE components
4.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Machine learning to develop lubrication strategies
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 History of machine learning
5.1.2 Artificial intelligence versus machine learning
5.2 General ML tasks
5.3 Support vector machine
5.4 Genetic algorithm
5.5 Applications in tribology
5.5.1 Formulation and usage of lubricants
5.5.2 Wear condition monitoring
5.5.3 Value prediction
5.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Environmentally friendly grease
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of grease and their application
6.3 Environmentally friendly grease
6.3.1 Biodegradability
6.3.2 Aquatic toxicity
6.3.3 Bioaccumulation
6.3.4 Labeling
6.4 Grease and regulation
6.4.1 Disposal of mineral and synthetic based lubricants
6.5 A comparison between environmentally friendly grease and conventional grease
6.5.1 Current environmentally friendly grease application and performance
6.6 Market analysis of PAG and synthetic esters
6.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Additives for lubricants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of additives based on functionality
7.2.1 Surface protective additives
7.2.2 Performance additives
7.2.3 Lubricant protective additives
7.2.4 Multifunctional additives
7.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Environmentally friendly cutting fluids
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Environmental sustainability
8.2.1 Composition of petroleum
8.2.2 Mineral oil toxicity
8.2.3 Composition of vegetable oils
8.2.4 Biodegradation comparison
8.3 Advantages of environmentally friendly cutting fluids
8.3.1 Rheological properties
8.4 Plant-based cutting fluids with extreme pressure additive inclusion
8.4.1 Plant-based nanofluids
8.5 Economic viability
8.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References.
Preface
Editor biographies
Ashish K Kasar
Arpith Siddaiah
Pradeep L Menezes
List of contributors
Chapter 1 Synthesis of bio-based lubricants
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Evolution of lubricants and bio-based lubricants
1.3 Leverage associated with bio-lubricants
1.4 Properties of vegetable oil derived lubricants
1.4.1 Viscosity
1.4.2 Pour point, flash point, and fire point
1.4.3 Oxidation stability (OS)
1.5 Reaction mechanism
1.6 Tailoring the properties of bio-based lubricants
1.6.1 Esterification
1.6.2 Hydrogenation (HG)
1.6.3 Oligomerization
1.6.4 Epoxidation
1.6.5 Chemical and thermal modification
1.6.6 Structure tailoring
1.7 Obstructions associated with bio/vegetable-based lubricants
1.8 Resurgence and recent advances
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Bio-based lubricants and their environmental sustainability
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Closed loop concept of sustainability
2.3 Synthesis and evaluation of green cutting fluid
2.3.1 Toxicity evaluation of constituents
2.3.2 GC-MS analysis of commercial and GCF samples
2.3.3 Biodegradability and corrosion study of cutting fluids
2.3.4 Corrosion aspect of MWF (corrosion tests)
2.3.5 Bacterial growth study
2.3.6 Drilling and tool chip tribometer test
2.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Tribology of multifunctional bio-based lubricants
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Sources of bio-based lubricants
3.3 Classification of bio-based lubricants
3.4 Types of tribological testing to evaluate the multifunctionality of lubricants
3.5 Tribological behavior: friction behavior, wear behavior
3.5.1 Tribological characteristics of pure vegetable oils
3.5.2 Tribological characteristics of additized vegetable oils
3.5.3 Tribological characteristics of bio-based ionic liquids.
3.6 Summary and future research perspectives
References
Chapter 4 Multiphase bio-lubricants for engine components
4.1 History
4.2 Introduction
4.2.1 Friction, wear and lubrication for tribological surfaces
4.2.2 Friction
4.2.3 Wear
4.2.4 Lubrication
4.3 Tribological behavior of mechanical components in ICE
4.3.1 Gears
4.3.2 Cams and tappets
4.3.3 Piston rings
4.4 Challenges and future scope of bio-lubricants for ICE components
4.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Machine learning to develop lubrication strategies
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 History of machine learning
5.1.2 Artificial intelligence versus machine learning
5.2 General ML tasks
5.3 Support vector machine
5.4 Genetic algorithm
5.5 Applications in tribology
5.5.1 Formulation and usage of lubricants
5.5.2 Wear condition monitoring
5.5.3 Value prediction
5.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Environmentally friendly grease
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of grease and their application
6.3 Environmentally friendly grease
6.3.1 Biodegradability
6.3.2 Aquatic toxicity
6.3.3 Bioaccumulation
6.3.4 Labeling
6.4 Grease and regulation
6.4.1 Disposal of mineral and synthetic based lubricants
6.5 A comparison between environmentally friendly grease and conventional grease
6.5.1 Current environmentally friendly grease application and performance
6.6 Market analysis of PAG and synthetic esters
6.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Additives for lubricants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of additives based on functionality
7.2.1 Surface protective additives
7.2.2 Performance additives
7.2.3 Lubricant protective additives
7.2.4 Multifunctional additives
7.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Environmentally friendly cutting fluids
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Environmental sustainability
8.2.1 Composition of petroleum
8.2.2 Mineral oil toxicity
8.2.3 Composition of vegetable oils
8.2.4 Biodegradation comparison
8.3 Advantages of environmentally friendly cutting fluids
8.3.1 Rheological properties
8.4 Plant-based cutting fluids with extreme pressure additive inclusion
8.4.1 Plant-based nanofluids
8.5 Economic viability
8.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References.