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Table of Contents
Intro
Editor biography
Maulin P Shah
List of contributors
Chapter Surfactants and bioremediation
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Chemistry of surfactants
1.1.2 Toxicity of surfactants
1.2 Treatment of surfactants
1.2.1 Physical-chemical process
1.2.2 Bioremediation
1.3 Biodegradation mechanism of surfactants
1.3.1 Bioremediation of anionic surfactants
1.3.2 Cationic surfactants
1.3.3 Nonionic surfactants
1.3.4 Amphoteric surfactants
1.4 Factors affecting the biodegradation of surfactants
1.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Advanced perspectives in industrial wastewater treatment: a novel approach for a sustainable environment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Wastewater and its characteristics
2.3 Various parameters of wastewater
2.3.1 pH
2.3.2 Temperature
2.3.3 Biological oxygen demand
2.3.4 Chemical oxygen demand
2.3.5 Dissolved oxygen
2.3.6 Total dissolved solids
2.4 Types of various industrial wastewater
2.4.1 Distillery wastewater
2.4.2 Textile wastewater
2.4.3 Sewage wastewater
2.5 Innovative treatment methods
2.5.1 Innovative physical treatment methods
2.5.2 Innovative chemical treatment methods
2.5.3 Innovative biological methods
2.6 Microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment
2.6.1 Limitations of MFC wastewater treatment
2.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter Ecology and diversity of microbial communities involved in the removal of priority contaminants and micropollutants in wastewater treatment systems
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Conventional methods of industrial wastewater treatment
3.1.2 Industries involved with various micropollutants and contaminants in the wastewater treatment
3.1.3 Health sector transecting environmental barriers
3.1.4 Waste to wealth.
3.2 Microbial species involved in controlling the pollutants and contaminants
3.2.1 Types of ecological niche
3.2.2 Other important microorganisms
3.2.3 Ecosystems and communities
3.2.4 Natural pollution and contamination control
3.3 Contaminant treatment
3.3.1 Growth conditions
3.3.2 Survival kinetics-life cycle affecting ecology
3.3.3 Latest trends and novel initiatives globally
3.4 Summary and conclusion
References
Chapter Emerging contaminants and ways to reduce them
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Research gap in emerging contaminants and strategies for reduction
4.3 Possible solutions in emerging contaminants and strategies for reduction
4.4 Polar emerging contaminants in the environment
4.5 Efficient control of emerging contaminants: promising enzymes and reaction processes
4.6 Antibiotic contamination in an environment
4.7 Antiviral drugs in wastewater: the rise of emerging contaminants
4.8 Various categories of emerging contaminants
4.9 Conclusion
4.10 Prospects for future research
Acknowledgments
Author's contribution
References
Chapter Environmental and health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in drinking water and wastewaters
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Microplastic pollutants in drinking water
5.3 Distribution and bioaccumulation of microplastics: a detailed overview
5.4 Biochar and contaminants
5.5 The adsorption capacity of biochar
5.6 Antibiotic residues of drinking water and its human exposure risk
5.7 Pharmaceutical contamination in drinking water
5.8 Conclusion
5.9 Prospects for the future
Acknowledgments
Author's contribution
References
Chapter Effective COD and color removal with integrated ozonation and biological treatment approaches in textile wastewater: a review
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Effective COD and color removal with integrated ozonation and biological treatment approaches in textile wastewater
6.3 Integrated anaerobic-ozonation-aerobic process: a case study
6.3.1 Results and discussion
6.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Mycoremediation of wastewater: sustainable approaches
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Dye
7.3 Pesticides
7.4 Oils
7.5 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter Advances in the remediation of xenobiotics using microbes
8.1 Xenobiotics: an overview
8.2 Extensively used xenobiotics
8.3 Xenobiotic sources
8.3.1 Direct sources
8.3.2 Indirect sources
8.4 Bioavailability of xenobiotics
8.5 Remediation of xenobiotics
8.5.1 Phytoremediation
8.5.2 Removal of xenobiotics by adsorption method
8.5.3 Removal of xenobiotics by biochar
8.5.4 Nanotechnology-based approaches for removal of xenobiotics
8.6 Challenges and perspectives of xenobiotics removal
Consent for publication
Conflict of interest
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Fungi-based biosensing platforms for detection of heavy metals: focus on the eukaryotic system
9.1 Introduction to biosensors and their environmental applications
9.1.1 Biosensors and their components
9.1.2 Advantages of biosensors over conventional technology
9.2 Heavy metal detection using biosensors
9.2.1 The optical platform of heavy metal biosensing
9.2.2 The electrochemical platform for biosensing
9.3 Fungi-based biosensors for heavy metals
9.3.1 Fungi-based biosensors: eukaryotic systems vs the prokaryotic system
9.3.2 Fungal cells based optical sensors
9.3.3 Fungi biomass-based electrochemical sensors
9.3.4 Fungi-derived enzymes for biosensing of heavy metals
9.3.5 Fungi-derived macromolecules and nanoparticles for biosensing
9.4 Conclusions.
References
Chapter Emerging global technologies for removal of contaminants from wastewater
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Types of emerging contaminants (ECs)
10.2 Traditional wastewater treatment methods
10.2.1 Preliminary treatment
10.2.2 Primary treatment
10.2.3 Secondary treatment
10.2.4 Tertiary treatment
10.3 Emerging global technologies for wastewater treatment
10.3.1 Membrane filtration
10.3.2 Coagulation-flocculation
10.3.3 Solvent extraction
10.3.4 Adsorption
10.3.5 Advanced oxidation process
10.3.6 Nanotechnology
10.4 Upcoming challenges
10.5 Conclusions
Disclaimer
References
Chapter Bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation of wastewater
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Principles of bioremediation
11.3 Factors affecting bioremediation
11.4 Degradation techniques
11.5 Mechanisms of bioremediation
11.6 Wastewater remediating agents
11.7 Types of bioremediations
11.8 Advantages and disadvantages of bioremediation
11.9 Phytoremediation
11.10 Aquatic plants used for phytoremediation
11.11 Mechanism of phytoremediation
11.12 Phycoremediation
11.13 Advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation
11.14 Mycoremediation
11.15 Advantage and disadvantage of mycoremediation
11.16 Role of mushrooms in mycoremediation
11.17 Role of white root fungi in mycoremediation
11.18 Role of brown rot fungi in mycoremediation
11.19 Applications of mycoremediation
11.20 Conclusions
References
Chapter Myco-remediation in industrial wastewater treatment
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Methods applied in the myco-remediation processes
12.2.1 Direct injection
12.2.2 Substrate-based
12.2.3 Bioreactor
12.3 The steps of the myco-remediation technique for detecting fungi
12.4 Myco-remediation and bioengineering.
12.5 Application of enzymes in myco-remediation
12.5.1 Classification of fungal enzymes
12.6 Myco-remediation of recalcitrant contaminants in selected industrial sectors
12.6.1 Food industry
12.6.2 Steel and iron industries
12.6.3 Nuclear wastewater
12.6.4 Pulp and paper industry
12.6.5 Textile industry
12.6.6 Pharmaceutical industries
12.6.7 Mines and quarries
12.6.8 Mycogenic nanoparticle-mediated heavy metal remediation
12.7 Development of new remediation techniques: advances in myco-remediation technology
12.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter Modern procedures for industrial effluent analysis based on gas chromatography
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Types of industrial effluents
13.2 Sample preparation methods for GC
13.2.1 Introduction to sample preparation techniques
13.2.2 Sample preparation techniques for GC
13.2.3 Sample preparation based on green solvents
13.2.4 Advances in sample preparation for analysis of industrial effluents: future perspective
13.3 Types of GC detectors dedicated to the analysis of specific groups of pollutants in water and wastewater
13.3.1 FID (universal detection)
13.3.2 Selective detectors for sulfur containing VOCs
13.3.3 Selective detectors for nitrogen containing VOCs
13.3.4 Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
13.4 Examples of GC methods
13.4.1 Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons and PAHs in water and wastewater by GC-based procedures
13.4.2 Determination of carboxylic acids in water and wastewater by GC-based procedures
13.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Novel anammox-based biological nitrogen removal process for high-strength industry wastewater treatment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Removing nitrogen from industrial wastewater using an anammox-based process
14.2.1 Sidestream wastewater.
14.2.2 Landfill leachate.
Editor biography
Maulin P Shah
List of contributors
Chapter Surfactants and bioremediation
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Chemistry of surfactants
1.1.2 Toxicity of surfactants
1.2 Treatment of surfactants
1.2.1 Physical-chemical process
1.2.2 Bioremediation
1.3 Biodegradation mechanism of surfactants
1.3.1 Bioremediation of anionic surfactants
1.3.2 Cationic surfactants
1.3.3 Nonionic surfactants
1.3.4 Amphoteric surfactants
1.4 Factors affecting the biodegradation of surfactants
1.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Advanced perspectives in industrial wastewater treatment: a novel approach for a sustainable environment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Wastewater and its characteristics
2.3 Various parameters of wastewater
2.3.1 pH
2.3.2 Temperature
2.3.3 Biological oxygen demand
2.3.4 Chemical oxygen demand
2.3.5 Dissolved oxygen
2.3.6 Total dissolved solids
2.4 Types of various industrial wastewater
2.4.1 Distillery wastewater
2.4.2 Textile wastewater
2.4.3 Sewage wastewater
2.5 Innovative treatment methods
2.5.1 Innovative physical treatment methods
2.5.2 Innovative chemical treatment methods
2.5.3 Innovative biological methods
2.6 Microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment
2.6.1 Limitations of MFC wastewater treatment
2.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter Ecology and diversity of microbial communities involved in the removal of priority contaminants and micropollutants in wastewater treatment systems
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Conventional methods of industrial wastewater treatment
3.1.2 Industries involved with various micropollutants and contaminants in the wastewater treatment
3.1.3 Health sector transecting environmental barriers
3.1.4 Waste to wealth.
3.2 Microbial species involved in controlling the pollutants and contaminants
3.2.1 Types of ecological niche
3.2.2 Other important microorganisms
3.2.3 Ecosystems and communities
3.2.4 Natural pollution and contamination control
3.3 Contaminant treatment
3.3.1 Growth conditions
3.3.2 Survival kinetics-life cycle affecting ecology
3.3.3 Latest trends and novel initiatives globally
3.4 Summary and conclusion
References
Chapter Emerging contaminants and ways to reduce them
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Research gap in emerging contaminants and strategies for reduction
4.3 Possible solutions in emerging contaminants and strategies for reduction
4.4 Polar emerging contaminants in the environment
4.5 Efficient control of emerging contaminants: promising enzymes and reaction processes
4.6 Antibiotic contamination in an environment
4.7 Antiviral drugs in wastewater: the rise of emerging contaminants
4.8 Various categories of emerging contaminants
4.9 Conclusion
4.10 Prospects for future research
Acknowledgments
Author's contribution
References
Chapter Environmental and health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in drinking water and wastewaters
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Microplastic pollutants in drinking water
5.3 Distribution and bioaccumulation of microplastics: a detailed overview
5.4 Biochar and contaminants
5.5 The adsorption capacity of biochar
5.6 Antibiotic residues of drinking water and its human exposure risk
5.7 Pharmaceutical contamination in drinking water
5.8 Conclusion
5.9 Prospects for the future
Acknowledgments
Author's contribution
References
Chapter Effective COD and color removal with integrated ozonation and biological treatment approaches in textile wastewater: a review
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Effective COD and color removal with integrated ozonation and biological treatment approaches in textile wastewater
6.3 Integrated anaerobic-ozonation-aerobic process: a case study
6.3.1 Results and discussion
6.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Mycoremediation of wastewater: sustainable approaches
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Dye
7.3 Pesticides
7.4 Oils
7.5 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter Advances in the remediation of xenobiotics using microbes
8.1 Xenobiotics: an overview
8.2 Extensively used xenobiotics
8.3 Xenobiotic sources
8.3.1 Direct sources
8.3.2 Indirect sources
8.4 Bioavailability of xenobiotics
8.5 Remediation of xenobiotics
8.5.1 Phytoremediation
8.5.2 Removal of xenobiotics by adsorption method
8.5.3 Removal of xenobiotics by biochar
8.5.4 Nanotechnology-based approaches for removal of xenobiotics
8.6 Challenges and perspectives of xenobiotics removal
Consent for publication
Conflict of interest
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Fungi-based biosensing platforms for detection of heavy metals: focus on the eukaryotic system
9.1 Introduction to biosensors and their environmental applications
9.1.1 Biosensors and their components
9.1.2 Advantages of biosensors over conventional technology
9.2 Heavy metal detection using biosensors
9.2.1 The optical platform of heavy metal biosensing
9.2.2 The electrochemical platform for biosensing
9.3 Fungi-based biosensors for heavy metals
9.3.1 Fungi-based biosensors: eukaryotic systems vs the prokaryotic system
9.3.2 Fungal cells based optical sensors
9.3.3 Fungi biomass-based electrochemical sensors
9.3.4 Fungi-derived enzymes for biosensing of heavy metals
9.3.5 Fungi-derived macromolecules and nanoparticles for biosensing
9.4 Conclusions.
References
Chapter Emerging global technologies for removal of contaminants from wastewater
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Types of emerging contaminants (ECs)
10.2 Traditional wastewater treatment methods
10.2.1 Preliminary treatment
10.2.2 Primary treatment
10.2.3 Secondary treatment
10.2.4 Tertiary treatment
10.3 Emerging global technologies for wastewater treatment
10.3.1 Membrane filtration
10.3.2 Coagulation-flocculation
10.3.3 Solvent extraction
10.3.4 Adsorption
10.3.5 Advanced oxidation process
10.3.6 Nanotechnology
10.4 Upcoming challenges
10.5 Conclusions
Disclaimer
References
Chapter Bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation of wastewater
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Principles of bioremediation
11.3 Factors affecting bioremediation
11.4 Degradation techniques
11.5 Mechanisms of bioremediation
11.6 Wastewater remediating agents
11.7 Types of bioremediations
11.8 Advantages and disadvantages of bioremediation
11.9 Phytoremediation
11.10 Aquatic plants used for phytoremediation
11.11 Mechanism of phytoremediation
11.12 Phycoremediation
11.13 Advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation
11.14 Mycoremediation
11.15 Advantage and disadvantage of mycoremediation
11.16 Role of mushrooms in mycoremediation
11.17 Role of white root fungi in mycoremediation
11.18 Role of brown rot fungi in mycoremediation
11.19 Applications of mycoremediation
11.20 Conclusions
References
Chapter Myco-remediation in industrial wastewater treatment
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Methods applied in the myco-remediation processes
12.2.1 Direct injection
12.2.2 Substrate-based
12.2.3 Bioreactor
12.3 The steps of the myco-remediation technique for detecting fungi
12.4 Myco-remediation and bioengineering.
12.5 Application of enzymes in myco-remediation
12.5.1 Classification of fungal enzymes
12.6 Myco-remediation of recalcitrant contaminants in selected industrial sectors
12.6.1 Food industry
12.6.2 Steel and iron industries
12.6.3 Nuclear wastewater
12.6.4 Pulp and paper industry
12.6.5 Textile industry
12.6.6 Pharmaceutical industries
12.6.7 Mines and quarries
12.6.8 Mycogenic nanoparticle-mediated heavy metal remediation
12.7 Development of new remediation techniques: advances in myco-remediation technology
12.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter Modern procedures for industrial effluent analysis based on gas chromatography
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Types of industrial effluents
13.2 Sample preparation methods for GC
13.2.1 Introduction to sample preparation techniques
13.2.2 Sample preparation techniques for GC
13.2.3 Sample preparation based on green solvents
13.2.4 Advances in sample preparation for analysis of industrial effluents: future perspective
13.3 Types of GC detectors dedicated to the analysis of specific groups of pollutants in water and wastewater
13.3.1 FID (universal detection)
13.3.2 Selective detectors for sulfur containing VOCs
13.3.3 Selective detectors for nitrogen containing VOCs
13.3.4 Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
13.4 Examples of GC methods
13.4.1 Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons and PAHs in water and wastewater by GC-based procedures
13.4.2 Determination of carboxylic acids in water and wastewater by GC-based procedures
13.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Novel anammox-based biological nitrogen removal process for high-strength industry wastewater treatment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Removing nitrogen from industrial wastewater using an anammox-based process
14.2.1 Sidestream wastewater.
14.2.2 Landfill leachate.