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Table of Contents
Intro
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Rise Of Political Islam in Turkey: An Overview
Historical Background in Brief
Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Islam in Turkish Society
Critical Islam
Social Islam
The Nursis
The Nakshibendis
The Bektashis
The Alevis
The Mevlevis
The Ishikchis (People of the Light)
The Refais
The Melamites
The Rufais
The Suleymanis
Common Characteristics of the Tarikats
The Situation and the Issue of Revivalism
The Prospect and Limitations
Political Islam and the Islamist - Secularist Conflict
Contending Worldviews of the Sides
What Led To Islamic Revivalism?
Review of Previous Research
The Rise of Political Islam: Militant and Democratic Challengers
Militant Challengers
Democratic Challengers: The Anatomy of the Islamic Welfare Party
Political Islam Before the Welfare Party
The Welfare Party
Chapter 2 What Caused Welfare Party's Popularity?
The Role of Perceived External Threats in the Rise of WP
1. Content Analysis
Discourse Analysis
Comparative Results
Face-to-Face Interviewing and a Small-Scale Survey
Interviews
The Small-scale Survey
Discussion
Other Factors Leading to WP's Popularity
The Project of Just Order (Adil Duzen)
Emphasis on National Pride
Ability to Respond to Conflicting Identities and Ethnic Tension
Other Parties' Inability to Produce Solutions to Deepening Problems
Promise of Honest Governance
Effective Organization
Outside Support
Domestic Political Atmosphere After the 1980 Coup: The Manipulation of Religion by the State
The Role of Regional Governance
The Crisis of Laicism and the Banning of WP
The Birth of the Crisis
The Banning Process
Reactions to the Ban: Contending Views.
Chapter 3 The Intensity and Violent Expression
The Analysis and Results
Events With -1 Score
Events With -2 and -3 Score
Major Motivations of Religiously-Inspired Violence42F
Religious Violence Connected to Religious Beliefs or Interpretations of Religious Norms
Religious Violence As a Way of Preserving "In-Group Purity"
Religious Violence As a Reaction to Unwanted Domestic Conditions
The Sivas Event and the Story of Aziz Nesin
Conditions Encouraging Religiously-Inspired Violence
Conclusion
Chapter 4 The Comparison Cases
The Islamist Challenge in Egypt
The Twentieth Century Islamic Revivalism and the Society of the Muslim Brotherhood
The Violent Features of the Movement
The Government's Response
The Recent Situation
The Islamist Challenge in Algeria
Iran: Political Islam Succeeds
Revolution As a Return to Islam
Revolution As a Reaction to Economic Distress
Revolution As a Reaction to the Shah's Autocratic Rule
Revolution As a Product of Foreign Conspiracy
Chapter 5 Conclusion: Lessons Learned and Implications for Conflict Resolution
Are External Threats a Common Denominator of Political Islam?
Prospect and Implications for Conflict Resolution
Bibliography
About the Author.
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Rise Of Political Islam in Turkey: An Overview
Historical Background in Brief
Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Islam in Turkish Society
Critical Islam
Social Islam
The Nursis
The Nakshibendis
The Bektashis
The Alevis
The Mevlevis
The Ishikchis (People of the Light)
The Refais
The Melamites
The Rufais
The Suleymanis
Common Characteristics of the Tarikats
The Situation and the Issue of Revivalism
The Prospect and Limitations
Political Islam and the Islamist - Secularist Conflict
Contending Worldviews of the Sides
What Led To Islamic Revivalism?
Review of Previous Research
The Rise of Political Islam: Militant and Democratic Challengers
Militant Challengers
Democratic Challengers: The Anatomy of the Islamic Welfare Party
Political Islam Before the Welfare Party
The Welfare Party
Chapter 2 What Caused Welfare Party's Popularity?
The Role of Perceived External Threats in the Rise of WP
1. Content Analysis
Discourse Analysis
Comparative Results
Face-to-Face Interviewing and a Small-Scale Survey
Interviews
The Small-scale Survey
Discussion
Other Factors Leading to WP's Popularity
The Project of Just Order (Adil Duzen)
Emphasis on National Pride
Ability to Respond to Conflicting Identities and Ethnic Tension
Other Parties' Inability to Produce Solutions to Deepening Problems
Promise of Honest Governance
Effective Organization
Outside Support
Domestic Political Atmosphere After the 1980 Coup: The Manipulation of Religion by the State
The Role of Regional Governance
The Crisis of Laicism and the Banning of WP
The Birth of the Crisis
The Banning Process
Reactions to the Ban: Contending Views.
Chapter 3 The Intensity and Violent Expression
The Analysis and Results
Events With -1 Score
Events With -2 and -3 Score
Major Motivations of Religiously-Inspired Violence42F
Religious Violence Connected to Religious Beliefs or Interpretations of Religious Norms
Religious Violence As a Way of Preserving "In-Group Purity"
Religious Violence As a Reaction to Unwanted Domestic Conditions
The Sivas Event and the Story of Aziz Nesin
Conditions Encouraging Religiously-Inspired Violence
Conclusion
Chapter 4 The Comparison Cases
The Islamist Challenge in Egypt
The Twentieth Century Islamic Revivalism and the Society of the Muslim Brotherhood
The Violent Features of the Movement
The Government's Response
The Recent Situation
The Islamist Challenge in Algeria
Iran: Political Islam Succeeds
Revolution As a Return to Islam
Revolution As a Reaction to Economic Distress
Revolution As a Reaction to the Shah's Autocratic Rule
Revolution As a Product of Foreign Conspiracy
Chapter 5 Conclusion: Lessons Learned and Implications for Conflict Resolution
Are External Threats a Common Denominator of Political Islam?
Prospect and Implications for Conflict Resolution
Bibliography
About the Author.