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Intro
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The rapid advancement of open microfluidics in recent years has prompted the need for updating our inaugural book, &
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Open Microfluidics,&
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The second edition delves into capillary fl
Acknowledgments
Author biographies
Jean Berthier
Ashleigh B Theberge
Erwin Berthier
Foreword to the first edition
Foreword to the second edition
Outline placeholder
I.1 Paper-based microfluidics
I.2 Thread-based microfluidics
I.3 Sessile droplet microfluidics
I.4 Open-channel microfluidics
I.5 Book contents
References
Chapter The theoretical basis of capillarity
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Surface tension
1.1.2 Laplace pressure
1.1.3 Liquid-liquid surface tension
1.1.4 Contact with solid surfaces: Young's law
1.1.5 Neumann's construction
1.1.6 The work of adhesion, the work of cohesion, and the Young-Dupré equation
1.1.7 Solid surface energy: Zisman's approach
1.1.8 Wetting and pinning
1.1.9 Wenzel's law
1.1.10 The Cassie-Baxter law
1.1.11 Capillary rise
1.1.12 Marangoni convection
References
Chapter The Lucas-Washburn-Bosanquet approach
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Bosanquet equation
2.3 Simplification: inertial and viscous regimes
2.3.1 The inertial evanescent regime
2.3.2 The viscous regime: the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law
2.3.3 Transition between the two regimes
2.3.4 Examples
2.4 The full Bosanquet solution.
2.5 Correcting for the dynamic contact angle
2.5.1 The dynamic contact angle
2.5.2 A dynamic contact angle correction to the Lucas-Washburn law
2.5.3 Graphical representation in 1/V
2.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter Condition for capillary flow in open channels
3.1 Spontaneous capillary flow in a monolithic channel
3.2 Spontaneous capillary flow in composite open channels: the generalized Cassie condition
3.3 Common geometries
3.4 Enhanced open-capillary flows
3.4.1 Fluid walls
3.4.2 Constant additional inlet pressure
3.4.3 Overfilled reservoir: initial additional Laplace pressure
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Flow dynamics in open channels of uniform cross-section
4.1 Spontaneous capillary flow in composite, closed channels of arbitrary uniform cross-section
4.1.1 The Bosanquet equation and the average friction length
4.1.2 The inertial regime
4.1.3 The viscous regime
4.1.4 On the use of the hydraulic diameter
4.2 Spontaneous capillary flow in open channels of arbitrary uniform cross-section
4.2.1 The Bosanquet equation
4.2.2 The inertial regime
4.2.3 The viscous regime
4.2.4 An example
4.2.5 A comparison of the average friction lengths in closed and open channels
4.2.6 A numerical approach
4.3 The dynamic contact angle
4.3.1 A model for the relation between the travel distance and a varying dynamic contact angle
4.3.2 Experiments showing the dynamic contact angle
4.3.3 Experimental results and comparison with the model
4.3.4 A comparison with other correlations (Hoffman-Tanner, Bracke, Jiang)
4.4 Rough walls
4.4.1 Capillary force
4.4.2 Wall friction
4.4.3 Conclusions
4.5 A summary of the dynamics of capillary flow in an open channel
4.6 The capillary dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids
4.6.1 Shear-thinning fluids.
4.6.2 The case of whole blood
4.7 Representation in 1/V
References
Chapter Common open-channel geometries
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Suspended channels
5.3 Rails
5.4 Rectangular channels
5.4.1 The SCF condition
5.4.2 The generalized Cassie angle
5.4.3 Average friction length
5.4.4 The homothetical rule
5.4.5 Other approaches
5.4.6 Dynamics
5.5 Rounded channels
5.6 Semicylindrical channels
5.7 Embossed channels
5.8 Fiber bundles and flow caging
5.8.1 Two parallel rods
5.8.2 More than two parallel rods
5.9 Capillary rise and uphill open-capillary flows
5.9.1 Jurin's law for capillary rise
5.9.2 Uphill open-capillary flow
5.9.3 The dynamics of capillary rise
5.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter Capillary filaments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Capillary filaments: the Concus-Finn condition
6.3 The case of V-grooves
6.4 Capillary filaments in open-channel turns
6.5 Capillary filaments in nonuniform channels
6.6 Detached capillary filaments
6.7 Metastable capillary filaments
6.8 Capillary filaments driving spontaneous capillary flow
6.9 The dynamics of capillary filaments
6.10 The drying of capillary filaments
6.11 Capillary filaments stopped by rounded wedges
6.11.1 Triangular open channels
6.11.2 Rectangular open channels
6.12 Conclusions
References
Chapter Flow in open channels of nonuniform cross-section
7.1 Static aspects
7.1.1 Spontaneous capillary flow in linearly widening and narrowing open channels
7.1.2 Sudden enlargement
7.1.3 Trigger valves
7.1.4 One-way wicking
7.2 Dynamic aspects
7.2.1 Open microflows dynamics in progressively widening and narrowing channels
7.2.2 Sudden constrictions and enlargements
7.3 Bifurcations and networks
7.3.1 Bifurcations
7.3.2 Networks and capillary pumps
7.4 Filters.
7.5 Open deterministic lateral devices
7.6 Example of blood plasma separation in a diverging channel
7.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter Capillary flow in fibrous media
8.1 Parameters characterizing the capillary flow in fibrous media
8.2 Flow dynamics in fibrous media
8.2.1 The Lucas-Washburn analogy
8.2.2 Darcy's law
8.3 Determining porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure
8.3.1 Porosity
8.3.2 Tortuosity
8.3.3 Permeability and capillary pressure
8.3.4 Compression (compaction)
8.4 Equivalent permeability
8.5 Flow velocity in paper strips of varying width
8.5.1 Paper pads of piecewise varying width
8.5.2 Triangular circular section pads
8.6 Open channels connected to paper pads
8.6.1 The root channel
8.6.2 Rectangular pads
8.6.3 Triangular (circular section) pads
8.6.4 Numerical application
8.6.5 Capillary trees connected to paper pads
8.7 Conclusions
References and further reading
Chapter Biomimetics-open microfluidics in nature
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Open channels on Dryopteris marginata leaves
9.3 Flow alongside Sarracenia trichomes
9.4 Directional spreading on natural surfaces
9.4.1 Directional spreading on cilia-a pinning-spreading story
9.4.2 Anisotropic microfluidics bioinspired by Morpho menelaus
9.4.3 The particular structure of the leaves of Nepenthes alata
9.4.4 The pinning paradox: the case of Araucaria leaves
9.5 Conclusions
Supplementary information
References
Chapter Two-phase open-channel capillary flows
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Part 1: plugs and droplets in open channels of uniform cross-section
10.2.1 The quasi steady-state approach: the spontaneous capillary flow condition in the presence of plugs
10.2.2 Plug dynamics in open-channel capillary flows-an experimental approach
10.2.3 Summary.
10.2.4 Injecting a droplet/plug into an open flow
10.2.5 Capillary wagons
10.2.6 The case of capillary filaments
10.2.7 Bifurcations and bypasses
10.2.8 Capillary filaments and bifurcations, networks and bypasses
10.2.9 An introduction to two-phase microflows in nonuniform open channels
10.3 Part 2: the production and manipulation of droplets
10.3.1 Droplet emission
10.3.2 Droplet manipulation
10.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and fabrication
11.3 Microfluidic channels
11.3.1 Capillary channels on paper
11.3.2 Smart textiles
11.3.3 3D-printed capillary structures
11.3.4 Directional steering of liquids
11.3.5 Evaporative capillary pumping
11.4 Biology, biotechnology, and medicine
11.4.1 Microdots for cell studies
11.4.2 Mimicking the lungs
11.4.3 Cellular microfluidics
11.5 Biosensors
11.5.1 Gel electrophoresis
11.5.2 In vivo sensors
11.5.3 Open-channel microfluidics for whole blood analysis
11.5.4 Biochemistry: liquid-liquid extraction
11.5.5 Aerosol sampling
11.6 A space-based application-the space cup
11.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter Open-capillary fluidics aboard spacecraft
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Statics: configurations, initial conditions, and stability
12.3 Dynamics: inertia and bubble separations
12.4 Applications of open macrofluidics aboard spacecraft
12.4.1 Bubble separation
12.4.2 CO2 scrubbing
12.4.3 Plant watering
12.4.4 Spacecraft WetLabs
12.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Epilogue
References.
<
named-book-part-body&
#62
<
p&
#62
The rapid advancement of open microfluidics in recent years has prompted the need for updating our inaugural book, &
#x0201C
Open-Channel Microfluidics,&
#x0201D
initially published in 2019. Additionally, we aim to expand the scope of our earlier publication, &
#x0201C
Open Microfluidics,&
#x0201D
released in 2016, to encompass the examination of the dynamics associated with open capillary-driven microflows.<
/p&
#62
<
p&
#62
The second edition delves into capillary fl
Acknowledgments
Author biographies
Jean Berthier
Ashleigh B Theberge
Erwin Berthier
Foreword to the first edition
Foreword to the second edition
Outline placeholder
I.1 Paper-based microfluidics
I.2 Thread-based microfluidics
I.3 Sessile droplet microfluidics
I.4 Open-channel microfluidics
I.5 Book contents
References
Chapter The theoretical basis of capillarity
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Surface tension
1.1.2 Laplace pressure
1.1.3 Liquid-liquid surface tension
1.1.4 Contact with solid surfaces: Young's law
1.1.5 Neumann's construction
1.1.6 The work of adhesion, the work of cohesion, and the Young-Dupré equation
1.1.7 Solid surface energy: Zisman's approach
1.1.8 Wetting and pinning
1.1.9 Wenzel's law
1.1.10 The Cassie-Baxter law
1.1.11 Capillary rise
1.1.12 Marangoni convection
References
Chapter The Lucas-Washburn-Bosanquet approach
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Bosanquet equation
2.3 Simplification: inertial and viscous regimes
2.3.1 The inertial evanescent regime
2.3.2 The viscous regime: the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law
2.3.3 Transition between the two regimes
2.3.4 Examples
2.4 The full Bosanquet solution.
2.5 Correcting for the dynamic contact angle
2.5.1 The dynamic contact angle
2.5.2 A dynamic contact angle correction to the Lucas-Washburn law
2.5.3 Graphical representation in 1/V
2.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter Condition for capillary flow in open channels
3.1 Spontaneous capillary flow in a monolithic channel
3.2 Spontaneous capillary flow in composite open channels: the generalized Cassie condition
3.3 Common geometries
3.4 Enhanced open-capillary flows
3.4.1 Fluid walls
3.4.2 Constant additional inlet pressure
3.4.3 Overfilled reservoir: initial additional Laplace pressure
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Flow dynamics in open channels of uniform cross-section
4.1 Spontaneous capillary flow in composite, closed channels of arbitrary uniform cross-section
4.1.1 The Bosanquet equation and the average friction length
4.1.2 The inertial regime
4.1.3 The viscous regime
4.1.4 On the use of the hydraulic diameter
4.2 Spontaneous capillary flow in open channels of arbitrary uniform cross-section
4.2.1 The Bosanquet equation
4.2.2 The inertial regime
4.2.3 The viscous regime
4.2.4 An example
4.2.5 A comparison of the average friction lengths in closed and open channels
4.2.6 A numerical approach
4.3 The dynamic contact angle
4.3.1 A model for the relation between the travel distance and a varying dynamic contact angle
4.3.2 Experiments showing the dynamic contact angle
4.3.3 Experimental results and comparison with the model
4.3.4 A comparison with other correlations (Hoffman-Tanner, Bracke, Jiang)
4.4 Rough walls
4.4.1 Capillary force
4.4.2 Wall friction
4.4.3 Conclusions
4.5 A summary of the dynamics of capillary flow in an open channel
4.6 The capillary dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids
4.6.1 Shear-thinning fluids.
4.6.2 The case of whole blood
4.7 Representation in 1/V
References
Chapter Common open-channel geometries
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Suspended channels
5.3 Rails
5.4 Rectangular channels
5.4.1 The SCF condition
5.4.2 The generalized Cassie angle
5.4.3 Average friction length
5.4.4 The homothetical rule
5.4.5 Other approaches
5.4.6 Dynamics
5.5 Rounded channels
5.6 Semicylindrical channels
5.7 Embossed channels
5.8 Fiber bundles and flow caging
5.8.1 Two parallel rods
5.8.2 More than two parallel rods
5.9 Capillary rise and uphill open-capillary flows
5.9.1 Jurin's law for capillary rise
5.9.2 Uphill open-capillary flow
5.9.3 The dynamics of capillary rise
5.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter Capillary filaments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Capillary filaments: the Concus-Finn condition
6.3 The case of V-grooves
6.4 Capillary filaments in open-channel turns
6.5 Capillary filaments in nonuniform channels
6.6 Detached capillary filaments
6.7 Metastable capillary filaments
6.8 Capillary filaments driving spontaneous capillary flow
6.9 The dynamics of capillary filaments
6.10 The drying of capillary filaments
6.11 Capillary filaments stopped by rounded wedges
6.11.1 Triangular open channels
6.11.2 Rectangular open channels
6.12 Conclusions
References
Chapter Flow in open channels of nonuniform cross-section
7.1 Static aspects
7.1.1 Spontaneous capillary flow in linearly widening and narrowing open channels
7.1.2 Sudden enlargement
7.1.3 Trigger valves
7.1.4 One-way wicking
7.2 Dynamic aspects
7.2.1 Open microflows dynamics in progressively widening and narrowing channels
7.2.2 Sudden constrictions and enlargements
7.3 Bifurcations and networks
7.3.1 Bifurcations
7.3.2 Networks and capillary pumps
7.4 Filters.
7.5 Open deterministic lateral devices
7.6 Example of blood plasma separation in a diverging channel
7.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter Capillary flow in fibrous media
8.1 Parameters characterizing the capillary flow in fibrous media
8.2 Flow dynamics in fibrous media
8.2.1 The Lucas-Washburn analogy
8.2.2 Darcy's law
8.3 Determining porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure
8.3.1 Porosity
8.3.2 Tortuosity
8.3.3 Permeability and capillary pressure
8.3.4 Compression (compaction)
8.4 Equivalent permeability
8.5 Flow velocity in paper strips of varying width
8.5.1 Paper pads of piecewise varying width
8.5.2 Triangular circular section pads
8.6 Open channels connected to paper pads
8.6.1 The root channel
8.6.2 Rectangular pads
8.6.3 Triangular (circular section) pads
8.6.4 Numerical application
8.6.5 Capillary trees connected to paper pads
8.7 Conclusions
References and further reading
Chapter Biomimetics-open microfluidics in nature
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Open channels on Dryopteris marginata leaves
9.3 Flow alongside Sarracenia trichomes
9.4 Directional spreading on natural surfaces
9.4.1 Directional spreading on cilia-a pinning-spreading story
9.4.2 Anisotropic microfluidics bioinspired by Morpho menelaus
9.4.3 The particular structure of the leaves of Nepenthes alata
9.4.4 The pinning paradox: the case of Araucaria leaves
9.5 Conclusions
Supplementary information
References
Chapter Two-phase open-channel capillary flows
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Part 1: plugs and droplets in open channels of uniform cross-section
10.2.1 The quasi steady-state approach: the spontaneous capillary flow condition in the presence of plugs
10.2.2 Plug dynamics in open-channel capillary flows-an experimental approach
10.2.3 Summary.
10.2.4 Injecting a droplet/plug into an open flow
10.2.5 Capillary wagons
10.2.6 The case of capillary filaments
10.2.7 Bifurcations and bypasses
10.2.8 Capillary filaments and bifurcations, networks and bypasses
10.2.9 An introduction to two-phase microflows in nonuniform open channels
10.3 Part 2: the production and manipulation of droplets
10.3.1 Droplet emission
10.3.2 Droplet manipulation
10.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and fabrication
11.3 Microfluidic channels
11.3.1 Capillary channels on paper
11.3.2 Smart textiles
11.3.3 3D-printed capillary structures
11.3.4 Directional steering of liquids
11.3.5 Evaporative capillary pumping
11.4 Biology, biotechnology, and medicine
11.4.1 Microdots for cell studies
11.4.2 Mimicking the lungs
11.4.3 Cellular microfluidics
11.5 Biosensors
11.5.1 Gel electrophoresis
11.5.2 In vivo sensors
11.5.3 Open-channel microfluidics for whole blood analysis
11.5.4 Biochemistry: liquid-liquid extraction
11.5.5 Aerosol sampling
11.6 A space-based application-the space cup
11.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter Open-capillary fluidics aboard spacecraft
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Statics: configurations, initial conditions, and stability
12.3 Dynamics: inertia and bubble separations
12.4 Applications of open macrofluidics aboard spacecraft
12.4.1 Bubble separation
12.4.2 CO2 scrubbing
12.4.3 Plant watering
12.4.4 Spacecraft WetLabs
12.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Epilogue
References.