Introduction
The third degree
The evolution of modern police interrogation practices
The due process voluntariness test
Miranda and its immediate aftermath
Miranda's subsequent history
How modern interrogators have adapted to Miranda
Dickerson
Miranda's limitations
The third degree redux
Police-induced false confessions: the scope of the problem
Examples of police-induced false confessions
Providing adequate fact-finding in interrogation cases
Regulating interrogation practices in the twenty-first century
Conclusion.