The rise and expansion of Islam
The development of Islamic civilization to the fifteenth century
The Ottoman and Safavid Empires : a new imperial synthesis
Forging a new synthesis : the pattern of reforms, 1789-1849
The Ottoman Empire and Egypt during the era of the tanzimat
Egypt and Iran in the late nineteenth century
The response of Islamic society
The era of the young Turks and the Iranian constitutionalists
World war I and the end of the Ottoman order
Authoritarian reform in Turkey and Iran
The Arab struggle for independence : Egypt, Iraq, and Transjordan from the interwar era to 1945
The Arab struggle for independence : Syria, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia from the interwar era to 1945
The Palestine mandate and the birth of the state of Israel
Democracy and authoritarianism : Turkey and Iran
The Middle East in the age of Nasser : the Egyptian base
The Middle East in the age of Nasser : the radicalization of Arab politics
Israel and the Palestinians from 1948 to the 1970s
Changing patterns of war and peace : Egypt and Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s
The consolidation of authoritarian rule in Syria and Iraq : the regimes of Hafiz al-Asad and Saddam Husayn
The Iranian revolution and the resurgence of Islam
The Arabian Peninsula in the petroleum era
Challenges to the existing order : the Palestinian uprising and the Gulf War
A peace so near, a peace so far : Israeli-Palestinian relations since the Gulf War
Patterns of continuity and change in the central Middle East since the Gulf War.