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Introduction : Witnessing philosophers
I. From Plato to Maimonides. Plato : a philosopher educates a tyrant
Seneca : philosophy as a guide to life
Augustine : two cities : two roads to knowledge
Al Ghazali : my life
Abelard and Eloise : calamities and credos
Moses Maimonides : why I write...and how I write
II. From Bacon to Hume. Francis Bacon : how to think well
René Descartes : moving toward clarity and Adrien Baillet : Descartes' dream
Blaise Pascal : the limits of thought
Thomas Hobbes : "Justice I teach and reverence justice" and John Aubrey : "The life of Hobbes"
Baruch Spinoza : wisdom and the improvement of the understanding
John Locke : the origins of philosophical ideas
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz : God, mind, and logic
George Berkeley : philosophy does not need abstract ideas
David Hume : my life and Adam Smith : "Mr. David Hume
III. From Vico to Schopenhauer. Giambattista Vico : imagination, language, and the inventions of philosophy
Voltaire : good sense and nonsense
Jean-Jacques Rousseau : meditations on my troubled heart
Denis Diderot : clarity against dogmatic superstition
Immanuel Kant : the tasks of philosophy
Johann Gottfried Herder : culture and the stages of the imagination
Johann Gottlieb Fichte : idealism and self-reflection
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel : the new science of philosophy
Arthur Schopenhauer : vitality and the tasks of life
IV. From Bentham to Russell. Jeremy Bentham : accounting for rationality
John Stuart Mill : education and social progress
Karl Marx : philosophy as political critique and Friedrich Engels : speech at the graveside of Marx
Søren Kierkegaard : the many faces of an author
Friedrich Nietzsche : overcoming my life
Charles Sanders Peirce : autobiographical note
William James : philosophy and emergent morality
John Dewey : from absolutism to experimentalism
George Santayana : my host the world
Bertrand Russell : why a became a philosopher
V. From Wittgenstein Appiah. Ludwig Wittgenstein : logical arrangements
Martin Heidegger : my way to phenomenology
Rudolph Carnap : autobiography
Jean-Paul Sartre : self-portrait at seventy
Simone de Beauvoir : writing a life of writing
Takatura Ando : a philosopher in the midst of war
Hans-Georg Gadamer : philosophical apprenticeships
Hannah Arendt : thinking through the good life
Isaiah Berlin : my intellectual path
G.E.M. Anscombe : my interests in philosophy
Kwame Anthony Appiah : the many sources of philosophic reflections.
I. From Plato to Maimonides. Plato : a philosopher educates a tyrant
Seneca : philosophy as a guide to life
Augustine : two cities : two roads to knowledge
Al Ghazali : my life
Abelard and Eloise : calamities and credos
Moses Maimonides : why I write...and how I write
II. From Bacon to Hume. Francis Bacon : how to think well
René Descartes : moving toward clarity and Adrien Baillet : Descartes' dream
Blaise Pascal : the limits of thought
Thomas Hobbes : "Justice I teach and reverence justice" and John Aubrey : "The life of Hobbes"
Baruch Spinoza : wisdom and the improvement of the understanding
John Locke : the origins of philosophical ideas
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz : God, mind, and logic
George Berkeley : philosophy does not need abstract ideas
David Hume : my life and Adam Smith : "Mr. David Hume
III. From Vico to Schopenhauer. Giambattista Vico : imagination, language, and the inventions of philosophy
Voltaire : good sense and nonsense
Jean-Jacques Rousseau : meditations on my troubled heart
Denis Diderot : clarity against dogmatic superstition
Immanuel Kant : the tasks of philosophy
Johann Gottfried Herder : culture and the stages of the imagination
Johann Gottlieb Fichte : idealism and self-reflection
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel : the new science of philosophy
Arthur Schopenhauer : vitality and the tasks of life
IV. From Bentham to Russell. Jeremy Bentham : accounting for rationality
John Stuart Mill : education and social progress
Karl Marx : philosophy as political critique and Friedrich Engels : speech at the graveside of Marx
Søren Kierkegaard : the many faces of an author
Friedrich Nietzsche : overcoming my life
Charles Sanders Peirce : autobiographical note
William James : philosophy and emergent morality
John Dewey : from absolutism to experimentalism
George Santayana : my host the world
Bertrand Russell : why a became a philosopher
V. From Wittgenstein Appiah. Ludwig Wittgenstein : logical arrangements
Martin Heidegger : my way to phenomenology
Rudolph Carnap : autobiography
Jean-Paul Sartre : self-portrait at seventy
Simone de Beauvoir : writing a life of writing
Takatura Ando : a philosopher in the midst of war
Hans-Georg Gadamer : philosophical apprenticeships
Hannah Arendt : thinking through the good life
Isaiah Berlin : my intellectual path
G.E.M. Anscombe : my interests in philosophy
Kwame Anthony Appiah : the many sources of philosophic reflections.