Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Disturbance and succession / Edward A. Johnson and Kiyoko Miyanishi
Introduction
Disturbance as the nemesis of succession
The chronosequence basis of succession
Coupling disturbance and vegetation processes
Conclusion
2. The turbulent wind in plant and forest canopies / John J. Finnigan
Introduction
The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over land
Characteristics of turbulent flow in and above plant canopies
Effects of topography and heterogeneity
Implications of this velocity structure for canopy disturbance
Summary
3. Microbursts and macrobursts : windstorms and blowdowns / Mark R. Hjelmfelt
Introduction
Convective storms and downbursts
Vertical equation of motion
Climatology
Downdrafts, mesocyclones, and outflows
Microbursts
large-scale systems
Summary
4. Understanding how the interaction of wind and trees results in windthrow, stem breakage, and canopy gap formation / Christopher P. Quine and Barry A. Gardiner
Introduction
Theoretical core
Applied force
Resistive force
Direct consequences
Subsequent impact of windthrow, stem breakage, and gap/patch formation
Summary and conclusions
Appendix 1 : Glossary and definitions


5. Meteorological conditions associated with ice storm damage to forests / Kaz Higuchi and Amir Shabbar
Introduction
Synoptic conditions for freezing rain
Climatology of freezing rain in Canada
meteorological evolution of ice storm '98
Possible changes in ice storm frequency under a warming climate
Summary
6. The effect of icing events on the death and regeneration of North American trees / David F. Greene, Kathleen F. Jones, and Olga J. Proulx
Introduction
The biomechanics of branch breakage during ice events with and without wind
Ice measurements in the field
A review of the literature on tree damage caused by icing events
The population consequences of major ice events
7. Disturbance processes and dynamics in coastal dunes / Patrick A. Hesp and M. Luisa Martínez
Introduction
Dune types and disturbance types and processes
Conclusion
8. Coastal dune succession and the reality of dune processes / Kiyoko Miyanishi and Edward A. Johnson
Introduction
Traditional dune succession hypothesis
Problems with the dune succession hypothesis
Process-response alternative to traditional succession hypothesis
Conclusion
9. Fluvial geomorphic disturbances and life history traits of riparian tree species / Futoshi Nakamura and Satomi Inahara
Introduction
Geomorphic classification of riparian zones and disturbance regimes in a catchment
Disturbance, reliability of regeneration habitat, and life history of dominant tree species
Conclusion


10. Water level changes in ponds and lakes : the hydrological processes / Masaki Hayashi and Garth van der Kamp
Introduction
Water balance
Case study : northern prairie wetlands
Conclusions
11. Development of post-disturbance vegetation in prairie wetlands / Arnold G. van der Valk
Introduction
Wet-dry cycles
Marsh ecology research program
Coenocline development : same pre- and post-disturbance water levels
Coenocline development : different pre- and post-disturbance water levels
Models of coenocline development
Conclusions
12. Modeling heating effects / Geoffrey N. Mercer and Rodney O. Weber
Introduction
Conservation laws
Simple examples
Application to more realistic scenarios
Case study : a model of seed survival
Conclusion
Appendix : Notation
13. Fire effects on grasslands / Paul H. Zedler
Introduction
The grass growth form
Regeneration from seed
Grasses as fuel, mulch, and forage
Drought disturbance : a primary driver
Direct fire effects
Grassfire and nutrients
Grasses and woody plants
A final caution - grasses and fires
14. Wildfire and tree population processes / Sheri L. Gutsell and Edward A. Johnson
Introduction
Wildfire processes and characteristics
Local populations and processes
Regional populations and processes
Conclusions


15. Insect defoliators as periodic disturbances in northern forest ecosystems / Barry J. Cooke, Vincent G. Nealis, and Jacques Régnière
Introduction
Defoliating insects as a distinct class of forest disturbance
The process of insect disturbance
Population dynamics of foliage-grazers
Conclusion
16. Dynamics of mountain pine beetle outbreaks / Justin Heavilin, James Powell, and Jesse A. Logan
Introduction
Derivation of the red top model
Results of the fully developed model
Discussion and conclusion
17. Relationship between spruce budworm outbreaks and forest dynamics in eastern North America / Hubert Morin, Yves Jardon, and Régean Gagnon
Introduction
History of spruce budworm outbreaks over the past 8600 years
Variation in temporal and spatial dynamics of outbreaks : reflection of changes in forest structure
18. Impact of beaver (castor canadensis Kuhl) foraging on species composition of boreal forests / Noble T. Donkor
Introduction
Herbivory in boreal forests
Temporal changes in beaver populations
Traditional understanding of beaver foraging impact on plant community structure
Understanding beaver foraging impacts on composition and dynamics of the boreal forest
Conclusion
19. Beaver, willow shrubs, and floods / J. Dungan Smith
Introduction
Background
Theory for interaction of flow and shrubs
Model results
Discussion
Summary and conclusions
Index.