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List of figures
List of tables
List of boxes
Preface
List of abbreviations
1. 'A good thing?'
pt.1. The complex worlds of foreign aid
2. The origins and early decades of aid-giving
Defining aid
A snapshot of the history of aid
The origins of aid : the pre-1949 era
The 1950s to the 1960s
3. Aid-giving from the 1970s to the present
The 1970s and 1980s
From the 1990s to today
4. The growing web of bilateral aid donors
The ever-increasing number of donors
The explosion in the numbers of non-governmental organizations
The main bilateral donors
The smaller bilateral donors
5. The complexities of multilateral aid
What is multilateral aid and how much of it is there?
The international financial institutions
The United Nations, development and aid
Other multilateral agencies
Systemic issues


pt. 2. Why is aid given?
6. The political and commercial dimensions of aid
Why governments give aid
Politics and national self-interest in aid-giving
Commercial interests in aid-giving
The overall impact of political and commercial influences on aid
Concluding comments
7. Public support for aid
Trends in public support
The reliability of public opinion surveys
Public support for aid and public perception of its effectiveness
8. Charity or duty? The moral case for aid
Facts on the ground
Ethical theories and approaches
9. The moral case for governments and individuals to provide aid
Donor governments : current and evolving views
Aid and the nature of governments' moral obligations
Ethics, voluntary aid-giving and the world of NGOs
pt. 3. Does aid really work?
10. Assessing and measuring the impact of aid
Methodological challenges and data-gaps
Judging the impact and performance of aid : what questions need to be asked?
Understanding how aid contributes to growth and development
Expectations about the impact of aid


11. The impact of official development aid projects
Project aid : an overview
Detailed project performance
Data quality and the sustainability of official aid projects
The wider picture
Summing up
12. The impact of programme aid, technical assistance and aid for capacity development
Programme aid
Technical assistance
Aid for capacity building
13. The impact of aid at the country and cross-country level
The country-level impact of aid
The impact of official development aid across countries
14. Assessing the impact of aid conditionality
Aggregate aid impact and the policy environment
Official donor conditionality and recipient response
Does policy conditionality produce the results intended?
Summing up
15. Does official development aid really work? A summing up
The search for sustainability
Effectiveness does matter
16. NGOs in development and the impact of discrete NGO development interventions
NGOs : an overview
Methodological challenges
The impact of NGO development projects and programmes
Cost-effectiveness, quality, innovation and replication
Capacity development and institutional strengthening


17. The wider impact of non-governmental and civil society organizations
NGO advocacy, lobbying, awareness-raising and campaigning
Strengthening NGOs and strengthening civil society
The contribution of NGOs to development : a summing up
18. The growth of emergencies and the humanitarian response
Emergencies and disasters : an overview
The humanitarian aid response
19. The impact of emergency and humanitarian aid
Assessing humanitarian aid
The impact of humanitarian action and humanitarian aid
aDvocacy in humanitarian action
Emergency and humanitarian aid : a summing up
pt. 4. pt. 4. Towards a different future for aid
20. Why aid isn't working
Systematic impediments to aid effectiveness : problems caused by donors
Problems at the recipient end : aid dilemmas
Conclusion
21. Making aid work better by implementing agreed reforms
The discrete individual-donor approach
The step-change international cooperative approach
Taking stock
22. Making aid work better by recasting aid relationships
Confronting the politics of aid-giving
Recasting aid relationships
Making aid work better : addressing five key problem areas
Bridging the divide between ideas and implementation
Notes
References
Index.

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