@article{346965,
      author = {Goldstone, Lawrence,},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/346965},
      title = {Inherently unequal : the betrayal of equal rights by the  Supreme Court, 1865-1903 /},
      publisher = {Walker & Company,},
      abstract = {Between 1865 and 1870, the 13th Amendment abolished  slavery in the U.S., the 14th conferred citizenship and  equal protection under the law to all Americans, white or  black, and the 15th gave black American males the right to  vote. In 1875 the far reaching Civil Rights Act granted all  Americans regardless of color "the full and equal  enjoyment" of public conveyances and places of amusement.  Yet eight years later, in 1883, the Supreme Court, by an  8-1 vote, overturned the Civil Rights Act as  unconstitutional, arguing Congress had overstepped its  authority. As the author pointedly acknowledeges, in the  next 20 years despite "by the dawn of the 20th century the  U.S. had become the nation of Jim Crow laws, quasi slavery,  and precisely the same two tiered system of justice that  had existed in the slave era." How and why this happened,  and the ramifications and reverberations unto today, is the  subject of this work. As he has done before, the author  challenges the conventional view of history through a  rigorous examination of the historical record. He makes  clear the Supreme Court, in cases as celebrated as Plessy  v. Ferguson and the equally important Williams v.  Mississippi, was deeply guilty by association, turning a  blind eye to the obvious reality of Jim Crow, preferring to  focus instead on constituional minutiae, and demonstrating  the fallacy and hypocrisy of a strict interpretation of the  Constitution. He reveals clear evidence that the great  black migrations north were less about seeking opportunity  than about escaping tyranny.},
      recid = {346965},
      pages = {242 p., [8] p. of plates :},
      address = {New York :},
      year = {2011},
}