General considerations regarding the conservation of historic buildings in seismic zones
Criteria and objectives
Retrofitting approaches
Overview of Byzantine churches
Architecture
Frescoes
Types of Byzantine churches
Structural characteristics
Surface characteristics
Survey of existing Byzantine churches in Macedonia
Present state of selected church buildings, causes and level of damage
Authenticity
Churches selected for detailed investigation
The church of St. Nikita, Banjani
Proposed strengthening method and preliminary analysis of the retrofitted St. Nikita Church
Possible methods for repair and strengthening of historic structures
Design of the St. Nikita Church model
Model construction
Wall element tests
Shaking-table tests of the St. Nikita Church model
Tests of the original church model
Repair and strengthening of the damaged model
Tests of the repaired and strengthened church model
Analytical modeling of the dynamic behavior of masonry structures exposed to earthquake motions
Dynamic analysis of the nonlinear response of an idealized single-degree-of-freedom system
Dynamic equations of motions
Models of hysteretic behavior
Analytical studies and correlation of the behavior of the two models
Original model
Strengthened model
The bearing and deformability capacities of the model structures at the design and maximum levels of expected ground motion
Capacity analysis of masonry buildings
Mathematical model of the Byzantine church structure
Analysis of structural walls
Calculation procedure
Results from the MASAN program for the original St. Nikita model
Results for the strengthened church model
Bearing capacity of the church model structure
Capacity analysis of existing Byzantine church structures
Analysis of St. Nikita, Banjani
Analysis of St. Bogorodica Zahumska, Trpejca
Analysis of St. Nikola, Psaca
Analysis of St. Bogorodica, Matejce
Analysis of St. Gjorgji, Kurbinovo
Implementation of methods for repair and strengthening of Byzantine church structures
Possible methods and techniques for repair and strengthening of historic Byzantine churches
Repair and strengthening of historic monuments in accord with the experimentally verified methodology
Strengthening of the structures of three representative churches
Summary, conclusions, and recommendations
List of churches surveyed
Single-degree-of-freedom analysis flowchart
Experimental and analytical displacement and acceleration time history
Results of dynamic response analysis of the existing St. Nikita Church using the IZIIS hysteretic model.