Machine generated contents note: 1. Environmental Threats to Child Health: Overview, 1
Environmental Health Concerns About Children, 2
Children's Vulnerabilities, 7 Risk Management Issues, 14
2. Environmental Epidemiology, 27
Epidemiology, 27
Study Types, 34
3. Risk Assessment, 47
Risk Assessment Framework; 47
Selected Risk Assessment Practices, 58
4. Metals-Lead, 71
Health Effects, 72
Exposures, 79
Risk Management, 82
5. Metals-Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Manganese, 99
I. Mercury, 100
Methylmercury, 100
Elemental and Inorganic Mercury, 113
II. Other Metals and Metalloids, 117
Arsenic, 117
Cadmium, 121
Manganese, 125
6. PCBs, Dioxins, and Related Compounds, 136
Health Effects, 137
Exposures, 149
Risk Management, 150
7. Pesticides, 162
Health Effects, 163
Exposures, 171
Risk Management, 173
8. Hormonally Active Agents, 189
Normal Endocrine Function, 192
Mechanisms of Environmental Hormonally Active Agents, 201
Health Effects, 208
Exposures, 214
Risk Management, 215
9. Radiation, 229
I. Ionizing Radiation, 230
Health Effects, 231
Exposures, 239
Risk Management, 240
II. Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields
and Radiofrequency Radiation, 243
Health Effects, 244
Exposures, 252
Risk Management, 253
III. Sunlight, 256
Health Effects, 257
Exposure, 260
Risk Management, 260
10. Indoor Air, 270
Asthma, 272
Environmental Tobacco Smoke, 275
Biologic Agents, 281
Volatile Organic Chemicals and Gases, 288
11. Outdoor Air, 300
Health Effects, 301
Exposures, 312
Risk Management, 317
12. Water, 334
I. Chemical Contaminants, 334
Health Effects, 335
Exposures, 342
Risk Management, 345
II. Waterborne Infections, 350
Bacteria, 351 Protozoa, 356
Viruses, 358
Risk Management, 359
13. Conclusion, 366
Environmental Threats to Child Health, 366
Knowledge Development Policy Issues, 375
Epilogue, 380
Index, 383.