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Machine generated contents note: Preface vii
Chapter 1 Historical introduction 1
Chapter 2 The deflection of light 7
2.1 Basics of General Relativity7
2.1.1 Introduction7
2.1.2 Tensors in curved spacetimes 9
2.1.3 Motion of particles 13
2.1.4 The spacetime curvature15
2.1.5 The Einstein equation17
2.1.6 The Schwarzschild metric 18
2.2 The bending of light21
2.2.1 Point-like deflector21
2.2.2 Time delay24
2.2.3 Extended mass distribution25
Chapter 3 Gravitational lensing theory 29
3.1 The lens equation29
3.1.1 Point-like lenses 29
3.1.2 Extended lenses33
3.2 The surface brightness conservation 34
3.3 Amplification35
3.4 Caustics and critical lines41
3.5 Fermat's principle42
3.6 Galaxy lens models45
3.6.1 Circularly symmetric lenses45
3.6.2 Non-circularly symmetric lenses50
3.7 The folded sky51
3.8 Folds and cusps58
3.8.1 Magnification near a fold60
3.8.2 Magnification near a cusp62
3.8.3 The binary lens65
Chapter 4 Macrolensing results 69
4.1 Lensing of quasars70
4.2 Time delays and Ho74
4.3 Statistical lensing and cosmological parameters78
4.4 Strong lensing by clusters81
4.5 Weak lensing in clusters84
4.6 Cosmic shear87
4.7 Quasar-galaxy correlations94
4.8 Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background94
Chapter 5 Microlensing I: Basics 99
5.1 The Galaxy in brief100
5.1.1 The thin and thick disks100
5.1.2 Galactic spheroid and bulge101
5.1.3 The dark halo103
5.2 Basic microlensing theoretical tools105
5.2.1 The light curve105
5.2.2 Optical depth107
5.2.3 Event duration distribution108
5.3 Microlensing of unresolved sources114
5.4 Observational searches of microlensing117
5.4.1 Searches towards the Magellanic Clouds118
5.4.2 Searches towards the bulge122
Chapter 6 Microlensing II: Beyond the simplest light curve 125
6.1 Binary lenses126
6.1.1 The complex lens equation126
6.1.2 Microlensing by binaries131
6.1.3 Planetary searches136
6.2 Further determinations of the lensing parameters139
6.2.1 Proper motion141
6.2.2 Limb darkening147
6.2.3 Parallax measurements148
6.3 Astrometric microlensing152
6.4 Quasar microlensing156
Appendix A Cosmology tools 161
A.1 The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe161
A.2 The distance scales163
A.3 Large scale structures166
A.4 Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies170
Bibliography 175
Index 189.
Chapter 1 Historical introduction 1
Chapter 2 The deflection of light 7
2.1 Basics of General Relativity7
2.1.1 Introduction7
2.1.2 Tensors in curved spacetimes 9
2.1.3 Motion of particles 13
2.1.4 The spacetime curvature15
2.1.5 The Einstein equation17
2.1.6 The Schwarzschild metric 18
2.2 The bending of light21
2.2.1 Point-like deflector21
2.2.2 Time delay24
2.2.3 Extended mass distribution25
Chapter 3 Gravitational lensing theory 29
3.1 The lens equation29
3.1.1 Point-like lenses 29
3.1.2 Extended lenses33
3.2 The surface brightness conservation 34
3.3 Amplification35
3.4 Caustics and critical lines41
3.5 Fermat's principle42
3.6 Galaxy lens models45
3.6.1 Circularly symmetric lenses45
3.6.2 Non-circularly symmetric lenses50
3.7 The folded sky51
3.8 Folds and cusps58
3.8.1 Magnification near a fold60
3.8.2 Magnification near a cusp62
3.8.3 The binary lens65
Chapter 4 Macrolensing results 69
4.1 Lensing of quasars70
4.2 Time delays and Ho74
4.3 Statistical lensing and cosmological parameters78
4.4 Strong lensing by clusters81
4.5 Weak lensing in clusters84
4.6 Cosmic shear87
4.7 Quasar-galaxy correlations94
4.8 Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background94
Chapter 5 Microlensing I: Basics 99
5.1 The Galaxy in brief100
5.1.1 The thin and thick disks100
5.1.2 Galactic spheroid and bulge101
5.1.3 The dark halo103
5.2 Basic microlensing theoretical tools105
5.2.1 The light curve105
5.2.2 Optical depth107
5.2.3 Event duration distribution108
5.3 Microlensing of unresolved sources114
5.4 Observational searches of microlensing117
5.4.1 Searches towards the Magellanic Clouds118
5.4.2 Searches towards the bulge122
Chapter 6 Microlensing II: Beyond the simplest light curve 125
6.1 Binary lenses126
6.1.1 The complex lens equation126
6.1.2 Microlensing by binaries131
6.1.3 Planetary searches136
6.2 Further determinations of the lensing parameters139
6.2.1 Proper motion141
6.2.2 Limb darkening147
6.2.3 Parallax measurements148
6.3 Astrometric microlensing152
6.4 Quasar microlensing156
Appendix A Cosmology tools 161
A.1 The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe161
A.2 The distance scales163
A.3 Large scale structures166
A.4 Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies170
Bibliography 175
Index 189.