Political history: Introduction ; Ethanol as a transportation fuel : how Federal corn-ethanol policy evolved: Carter administration, 1977 to 1981 ; Reagan administration, 1981 to 1989 ; Bush I administration, 1989 to 1993 ; Clinton administration, 1993 to 2001 ; Bush II administration, 2001 to 2009
Evaluating advocates' policy claims: Is U.S. energy security strengthened? ; Does the environment benefit? ; Other claims : are budget costs reduced? Is the trade balance improved? Is rural employment Increased? ; Who pays for the policy, and who benefits from It? ; Conclusions
Supporting documents: International Energy Agency, IEA response system for oil supply emergencies ; History of world oil market petroleum-supply interruptions ; State-by-state ethanol subsidies.