Africa unplugged
The region's underdeveloped energy resources
The lag in installed generation capacity
Stagnant and inequitable access to electricity services
Unreliable electricity supply
The prevalence of back-up generators
Increasing use of leased emergency power
A power crisis exacerbated by drought, conflict, and high oil prices
High power costs that generally do not cover costs
Deficient power infrastructure constrains social and economic development
The promise of regional power trade
Uneven distribution and poor economies of scale
Despite power pools, low regional power trade
The potential benefits of expanded regional power trading
What regional patterns of trade would emerge?
Water resources management and hydropower development
Who gains most from power trade?
How will less hydropower development influence trade flows?
What are the environmental impacts of trading power?
Technology choices and the clean development mechanism
How might climate change affect power investment patterns?
Meeting the challenges of regional integration of infrastructure
Building a political consensus
Strengthening regional institutions
Setting priorities for regional infrastructure
Facilitating project preparation and cross-border finance
Developing regional regulatory frameworks
Investment requirements
Modeling investment needs
Estimating supply needs
Overall cost requirements
The sapp
Constant access rates under trade expansion
Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 35 percent on average
National targets for electricity access
The EAPP/Nile Basin
Constant access rates under trade expansion
Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 35 percent on average
National targets for electricity access
WAPP
Constant access rates under trade expansion
Regional target rate : electricity access of 54 percent on average
National targets for electricity access
CAPP
Constant access rates under trade expansion
Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 44 percent on average
National targets for electricity access
Strengthening sector reform and planning
Power sector reform in sub-Saharan Africa
Private management contracts : winning the battle, losing the war
Sector reform, sector performance
The search for effective hybrid markets
Regulatory institutions may need to be redesigned
The challenges of independent regulation
Regulation by contract
Outsourcing regulatory functions
Toward better regulatory systems
A model to fit the context
Widening connectivity and reducing inequality
Low electricity connection rates
Mixed progress, despite many agencies and funds
Inequitable access to electricity
Affordability of electricity : subsidizing the well off
Policy challenges for accelerating service expansion
Don't forget the demand side of the equation
Take a hard-headed look at affordability
Target subsidies to promote service expansion
Systematic planning needed for periurban and rural electrification
Recommitting to the reform of state-owned enterprises
Hidden costs in underperforming state-owned enterprises
Driving down operational inefficiencies and hidden costs
Effect of better governance on performance of state-owned utilities
Making state-owned enterprises more effective
Defined roles and responsibilities
Altering the political economy around the utility
Practical tools for improving the performance of state-owned utilities
Closing Africa's power funding gap
Existing spending in the power sector
How much more can be done within the existing resource envelope?
Increasing cost recovery
On budget spending : raising capital budget execution
Improving utility performance
Savings from efficiency-oriented reforms
Annual funding gap
How much additional finance can be raised?
Little scope for raising more domestic finance
Official development assistance : sustaining the scale-up
Non-OECD financiers will growth continue?
Private investors : over the hill
Local capital markets : a possibility in the medium term
Bank lending
Equity
Corporate bonds
The most promising ways to increase funds
What else can be done?
Taking more time
Lowering costs through regional integration
The way forward.