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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: A Time of Transition ; Social Critique ; Moral Reform ; Monarch as Model ; Era of Change ; Age of Discovery ; Grand Tour ; Antiquity Becomes Fashionable ; Neoclassical Style ; Calm Grandeur in Dante
Chapter 2: Classical Influences and Radical Transformations ; Neoclassicm in Britain ; Neoclassicism Becomes Popular ; The Elgin Marbles ; Homer Illustrations ; Political Instability in France ; D'Angiviller's Reform Program ; Roman Virtue ; Neoclassical Eroticism ; Neoclassical Sculpture ; Neoclassicism in Denmark and the German States
Chapter 3: Re-presenting Contemporary History ; Legitimizing Contemporary History ; Painting of Contemporary History in France ; Political Instability ; New Hero for a New Republic ; Equestrian Portraits: Rulers on Horseback ; Neoclassicism made Ridiculous ; Legitimizing Bonaparte ; Transgressive History Painting ; Representing Republican Values ; Establishing Museums
Chapter 4: Romanticism ; Origins and Characteristics ; Burke's Sublime ; Blake and the Imagination ; Nature Mysticism ; Goya: Ambiguity and Modernism ; Abnormal Mental States ; Sculpture ; Escape to the National Past: England ; Medievalism in France: Troubadour Style ; Medievalism in the German States ; The Nazarenes
Chapter 5: Shifting Focus: Art and the Natural World ; New Attitudes Toward Nature ; Academic Landscape Tradition ; Nature and the Sublime ; The Picturesque ; Turner: From Convention to Innovation ; Constable: Conservative Nostalgia ; Naturalism and Tourism ; Friedrich: Patriotism and Spirituality ; Feminization of Nature ; Hudson River School ; American West
Chapter 6: Colonialism, Imperialism, Orientalism ; Documenting Distant Lands and People ; Colonial Citizens ; Picturing Slavery ; Native Americans: Ideal or Foe? ; Orientalism Emerges ; Orient Imagined ; Delacroix's Orientalism ; Orientalist Sculpture ; International Exhibitions
Chapter 7: New Audiences, New Approaches ; Modernism, Urbanization, Instability ; Bourgeois Morality and the Separation of Spheres ; Biedermeier and the Emergence of Middle Class Culture ; Biedermeier Portraiture ; Biedermeier Cityscapes ; Biedermeier Peasant Painting ; Biedermeier Landscape ; Biedermeier History Painting ; Golden Age in Denmark ; Biedermeier in Russia ; Mid-Century America ; Victorian Painting ; Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood ; Municipal Art Associations
Chapter 8: Photography as Fact and Fine Art ; "Invention" of Photography ; Documenting Current Events ; Social Reform ; Photography and Science ; Portraiture ; Landscape ; Travel ; Photography as a Fine Art ; Pictorialism and New Technologies
Chapter 9: Realism and the Urban Poor ; Contrasting Responses to 1848 ; Urban Migration ; Social Unrest ; Alcoholism ; Female Suicide ; Middle Class Working Women ; Poor Working Women ; Prostitution ; Documenting Work ; Idealized Labor ; Oppressed Workers ; Reforming the Poor ; Chapter 10: Imagined Communities: Views of Peasant Life ; Peasant Identity ; Peasant Imagery Before 1848 ; Courbet's Burial: More than Just a Funeral ; Academically Acceptable Peasant Images ; Powerful Peasants: Heroic or Threatening? ; Pitiable Peasants ; Idealized Peasants ; Grim Realities
Chapter 11: Crisis in the Academy ; The Importance of Titles ; History Painting and Autobiography: Courbet ; The Situation of Women Artists ; Salon of 1863 and Salon des Refuses ; Salon of 1865 ; Sculpture and Politics ; Foreign Artists in Paris ; Art Academies in Austria and the German States ; Menzel and Academic Realism ; World's Fairs
Chapter 12: Impressionism ; Truth ; Haussmannization ; New Paris ; Flâneurs and Boulevardiers ; Experimentation ; Old Paris ; Bourgeois Leisure ; Café Society ; Suburban Industry ; Suburban Leisure ; Natural and Acquired Identities ; Gare Saint Lazare ; Seaside Resorts ; Beaches, Bathing, and Hygiene ; Cézanne and Postimpressionism ; The Macchiaioli
Chapter 13: Symbolism ; Symbolist Precursors ; Animate Nature ; Music ; Music and Genius ; Rodin: Abstract Ideas in Human Form ; Pessimistic Withdrawal ; Women: Angels or Whores? ; Imagination Out of Control ; Virgin Mothers ; Social Pessimism ; Memory and Degeneration ; Gauguin: Seeking But Never Finding ; Van Gogh: Expressing Nature ; Genius and Creativity ; Beyond the Five Senses
Chapter 14: Individualism and Collectivism ; Artists' Colonies ; Pont Aven ; Worpswede ; Skagen ; Artist Organizations ; Society of Independent Artists ; The Nabis ; Rose + Croix ; Les XX ; National Identity ; France: Monet's Cathedrals ; Russia ; Serbia ; Poland ; Finland ; Hungary.
Chapter 2: Classical Influences and Radical Transformations ; Neoclassicm in Britain ; Neoclassicism Becomes Popular ; The Elgin Marbles ; Homer Illustrations ; Political Instability in France ; D'Angiviller's Reform Program ; Roman Virtue ; Neoclassical Eroticism ; Neoclassical Sculpture ; Neoclassicism in Denmark and the German States
Chapter 3: Re-presenting Contemporary History ; Legitimizing Contemporary History ; Painting of Contemporary History in France ; Political Instability ; New Hero for a New Republic ; Equestrian Portraits: Rulers on Horseback ; Neoclassicism made Ridiculous ; Legitimizing Bonaparte ; Transgressive History Painting ; Representing Republican Values ; Establishing Museums
Chapter 4: Romanticism ; Origins and Characteristics ; Burke's Sublime ; Blake and the Imagination ; Nature Mysticism ; Goya: Ambiguity and Modernism ; Abnormal Mental States ; Sculpture ; Escape to the National Past: England ; Medievalism in France: Troubadour Style ; Medievalism in the German States ; The Nazarenes
Chapter 5: Shifting Focus: Art and the Natural World ; New Attitudes Toward Nature ; Academic Landscape Tradition ; Nature and the Sublime ; The Picturesque ; Turner: From Convention to Innovation ; Constable: Conservative Nostalgia ; Naturalism and Tourism ; Friedrich: Patriotism and Spirituality ; Feminization of Nature ; Hudson River School ; American West
Chapter 6: Colonialism, Imperialism, Orientalism ; Documenting Distant Lands and People ; Colonial Citizens ; Picturing Slavery ; Native Americans: Ideal or Foe? ; Orientalism Emerges ; Orient Imagined ; Delacroix's Orientalism ; Orientalist Sculpture ; International Exhibitions
Chapter 7: New Audiences, New Approaches ; Modernism, Urbanization, Instability ; Bourgeois Morality and the Separation of Spheres ; Biedermeier and the Emergence of Middle Class Culture ; Biedermeier Portraiture ; Biedermeier Cityscapes ; Biedermeier Peasant Painting ; Biedermeier Landscape ; Biedermeier History Painting ; Golden Age in Denmark ; Biedermeier in Russia ; Mid-Century America ; Victorian Painting ; Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood ; Municipal Art Associations
Chapter 8: Photography as Fact and Fine Art ; "Invention" of Photography ; Documenting Current Events ; Social Reform ; Photography and Science ; Portraiture ; Landscape ; Travel ; Photography as a Fine Art ; Pictorialism and New Technologies
Chapter 9: Realism and the Urban Poor ; Contrasting Responses to 1848 ; Urban Migration ; Social Unrest ; Alcoholism ; Female Suicide ; Middle Class Working Women ; Poor Working Women ; Prostitution ; Documenting Work ; Idealized Labor ; Oppressed Workers ; Reforming the Poor ; Chapter 10: Imagined Communities: Views of Peasant Life ; Peasant Identity ; Peasant Imagery Before 1848 ; Courbet's Burial: More than Just a Funeral ; Academically Acceptable Peasant Images ; Powerful Peasants: Heroic or Threatening? ; Pitiable Peasants ; Idealized Peasants ; Grim Realities
Chapter 11: Crisis in the Academy ; The Importance of Titles ; History Painting and Autobiography: Courbet ; The Situation of Women Artists ; Salon of 1863 and Salon des Refuses ; Salon of 1865 ; Sculpture and Politics ; Foreign Artists in Paris ; Art Academies in Austria and the German States ; Menzel and Academic Realism ; World's Fairs
Chapter 12: Impressionism ; Truth ; Haussmannization ; New Paris ; Flâneurs and Boulevardiers ; Experimentation ; Old Paris ; Bourgeois Leisure ; Café Society ; Suburban Industry ; Suburban Leisure ; Natural and Acquired Identities ; Gare Saint Lazare ; Seaside Resorts ; Beaches, Bathing, and Hygiene ; Cézanne and Postimpressionism ; The Macchiaioli
Chapter 13: Symbolism ; Symbolist Precursors ; Animate Nature ; Music ; Music and Genius ; Rodin: Abstract Ideas in Human Form ; Pessimistic Withdrawal ; Women: Angels or Whores? ; Imagination Out of Control ; Virgin Mothers ; Social Pessimism ; Memory and Degeneration ; Gauguin: Seeking But Never Finding ; Van Gogh: Expressing Nature ; Genius and Creativity ; Beyond the Five Senses
Chapter 14: Individualism and Collectivism ; Artists' Colonies ; Pont Aven ; Worpswede ; Skagen ; Artist Organizations ; Society of Independent Artists ; The Nabis ; Rose + Croix ; Les XX ; National Identity ; France: Monet's Cathedrals ; Russia ; Serbia ; Poland ; Finland ; Hungary.