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Greeks and Romans : antiquity. Early Greek origins ; Aristotle and Theophrastos ; Hellenistic natural history ; Roman natural history
Medieval millennium. Byzantine natural history ; Arabic language science ; Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, amateur avian ecologist and behaviorist ; Albertus Magnus, scholastic naturalist
Renaissance. Botany during the Italian Renaissance and early scientific revolution ; Vertebrate zoology, 1500s ; Invertebrate zoology and parasitology, 1500s
Scientific revolution. Broadening science in Italy and England, 1600-1650s ; Plant growth studies, 1600s ; Origins of human and animal demography and statistics, 1600s ; Hooke and the Royal Society of London ; Invertebrate zoology and parasitology, 1600s ; John Ray and his associates, Francis Willughby and William Derham ; Leeuwenhoek's microscopic natural history
Emerging natural history. Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist ; Réaumur and his History of insects ; Early European naturalists explore eastern North America ; Linnaeus and the economy of nature ; Buffon and environmental influences on animals ; John and William Bertram explore eastern North America ; Gilbert White, naturalist extraordinaire ; Naturalists explore Russia and North Pacific lands, 1700s
Organism center stage. Plant growth studies, 1700s ; Plant disease studies, 1700s ; Invertebrate zoology and parasitology, 1700s ; Animal population studies, 1700s
Emergence of the ecological sciences. Humboldt, nature's geographer ; Naturalists explore North America, mid-1780s to mid-1820s ; A changing economy of nature ; Beginnings of British marine biology : Edward Forbes and Philip Gosse ; Watson, plant geographer and evolutionist ; Ecological aspects of Darwin's voyage on the Beagle ; Naturalists explore western North America, mid-1820s to 1850s ; Thoreau, ecologist
Ascendant ecology. Darwin's evolutionary ecology ; Victorian naturalists in Amazonia : Wallace, Bates, and Spruce ; Biogeographer-evolutionists Hooker and Wallace and evolutionist Huxley ; Plant physiology, Saussure to Sachs ; Phytopathology, 1800s ; Entomology, 1800s ; From parasitology to germ theory ; Haeckel's concept of ecology.
Medieval millennium. Byzantine natural history ; Arabic language science ; Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, amateur avian ecologist and behaviorist ; Albertus Magnus, scholastic naturalist
Renaissance. Botany during the Italian Renaissance and early scientific revolution ; Vertebrate zoology, 1500s ; Invertebrate zoology and parasitology, 1500s
Scientific revolution. Broadening science in Italy and England, 1600-1650s ; Plant growth studies, 1600s ; Origins of human and animal demography and statistics, 1600s ; Hooke and the Royal Society of London ; Invertebrate zoology and parasitology, 1600s ; John Ray and his associates, Francis Willughby and William Derham ; Leeuwenhoek's microscopic natural history
Emerging natural history. Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist ; Réaumur and his History of insects ; Early European naturalists explore eastern North America ; Linnaeus and the economy of nature ; Buffon and environmental influences on animals ; John and William Bertram explore eastern North America ; Gilbert White, naturalist extraordinaire ; Naturalists explore Russia and North Pacific lands, 1700s
Organism center stage. Plant growth studies, 1700s ; Plant disease studies, 1700s ; Invertebrate zoology and parasitology, 1700s ; Animal population studies, 1700s
Emergence of the ecological sciences. Humboldt, nature's geographer ; Naturalists explore North America, mid-1780s to mid-1820s ; A changing economy of nature ; Beginnings of British marine biology : Edward Forbes and Philip Gosse ; Watson, plant geographer and evolutionist ; Ecological aspects of Darwin's voyage on the Beagle ; Naturalists explore western North America, mid-1820s to 1850s ; Thoreau, ecologist
Ascendant ecology. Darwin's evolutionary ecology ; Victorian naturalists in Amazonia : Wallace, Bates, and Spruce ; Biogeographer-evolutionists Hooker and Wallace and evolutionist Huxley ; Plant physiology, Saussure to Sachs ; Phytopathology, 1800s ; Entomology, 1800s ; From parasitology to germ theory ; Haeckel's concept of ecology.