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Interpreting the American Revolution
Society and politics on the eve of the Revolution
The British empire and the war for North America
British reforms and Colonial resistance
The imperial crisis: from the Tea Act to the Declaration of Independence
Fighting for independence
Outsiders and enemies: Native Americans and the Loyalists
Are all men equal? The African-American challenge
Gender and citizenship in a revolutionary republic
Toleration versus religious freedom in a protestant republic
Peacetime government under the Articles of Confederation
Making the Constitution of 1787
Ratification politics and the Bill of Rights
The consequences of the Revolution.
1. Interpreting the American Revolution. The Revolution preserved social inequality / Barbara Clark Smith ; The Revolution destroyed monarchy and paved the way for democracy / Gordon S. Wood ; Boycotts made the Revolution radical / T.H. Breen
2. Society and politics on the eve of the Revolution. Venture Smith, a Connecticut slave, earns his freedom, 1729-1766 ; John Adams, a college graduate, views rural Massachusetts, 1760 ; Anna Green Winslow, a schoolgirl, learns about growing up in Boston, 1771 ; Philip Vickers Fithian, a New Jersey tutor, admires the Tidewater gentry, 1773 ; The preconditions of the American Revolution / Jack P. Greene ; The emergence of popular politics / Richard R. Beeman
3. The British Empire and the war for North America. Franklin, et al., devise Albany plan of colonial union, 1754 ; Benjamin Franklin predicts the plan of union will fail, 1754 ; Order in council on the reform of the customs service, 1763 ; Rev. Thomas Barnard looks to future glories, 1763 ; Friction between colonial troops and British regulars / Fred Anderson ; Britain defined by its empire / P.J. Marshall
4. British reforms and colonial resistance. Virginia Stamp Act resolutions, 1765 ; Governor Francis Bernard describes the Boston riot, 1765 ; The declarations of the Stamp Act Congress, 1765 ; "William Pym" asserts Parliamentary supremacy, 1765 ; The House of Commons questions Benjamin Franklin, 1766 ; Lord Camden (Charles Pratt) exhorts Parliament to change direction, 1766 ; Parliament repeals the Stamp Act but declares its authority, 1766 ; John Dickinson exhorts the colonists to opposition, 1767-1768 ; Charleston merchants propose a plan of nonimportation, 1769 ; The assertion of Parliamentary control and its significance / Edmund S. and Helen M. Morgan ; The Townshend Acts and the consolidation of colonial resistance / Pauline Maier
5. The imperial crisis: from the Tea Act to the Declaration of Independence. John Adams reflects on the Boston Tea Party, 1773 ; Parliament debates the Coercive Acts, 1774 ; The Coercive Acts, 1774 ; Thomas Jefferson asserts American rights, 1774 ; Declaration and resolves of the First Continental Congress, 1774 ; King George proclaims America in rebellion, 1775 ; Thomas Paine calls for common sense, 1776 ; The Declaration of Independence, 1776 ; The mixed motives of merchant revolutionaries / Thomas M. Doerflinger ; Declaring independence / Pauline Maier
6. Fighting for independence. John Adams discusses military preparations, 1776 ; General George Washington asks Congress for an effective army, 1776 ; Congress calls on states to support Continental Army, 1776 ; A soldier views mutiny among American troops, 1780 ; General George Washington explains army problems and calls for help, 1780 ; A veteran remembers the Battle of Saratoga, 1777 ; Two views of the Battle of Yorktown, 1781 ; Hearts and minds: the case of "Long Bill" Scott / John W. Shy ; The strengths and weaknesses of the militia / Don Higginbotham
7. Outsiders and enemies: Native Americans and the loyalists. Oneida Indians declare neutrality, 1775 ; John Adams reports on Congress's strategy toward the Native Americans, 1775 ; Chickasaw Indians seek help ; Patriots intimidate a New Jersey Loyalist, 1775 ; A patriot urges Congress to execute Loyalists, 1776 ; A newspaper attack on Loyalists, 1779 ; Thomas Hutchinson criticizes the Declaration of Independence, 1776 ; Loyalists plead their cause to king, Parliament, and the British people, 1782 ; Benjamin Rush contrasts Loyalists and Patriots, 1777 ; There was no winning strategy for the Indians / Gregory Evans Dowd ; The Loyalists confront civil, Revolutionary, and partisan warfare / Robert M. Calhoon
8. Are all men equal? The African-American challenge. Massachusetts slaves argue for freedom, 1773 ; Worcester County, Massachusetts, calls for the abolition of slavery, 1775 ; Lemuel Haynes, a New England mulatto, attacks slavery, 1776 ; Lord Dunmore promises freedom to slaves who fight for Britain, 1775 ; Three Virginia counties defend slavery, 1785 ; Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, 1863 ; Slavery attacked and defended / Sylvia R. Frey ; The Revolution in Black life / Ira Berlin
9. Gender and citizenship in a revolutionary republic. Thomas Paine admits women have some rights ; Abigail and John Adams debate women's rights, 1776 ; An American woman asserts women's rights, 1780 ; The Declaration of Sentiments of the Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 ; The Revolution and women's rights / Linda K. Kerber ; Women were recognized in the Constitution / Jan Lewis
10. Toleration versus religious freedom in a Protestant republic. Toleration can be joined to religious establishment, 1776 ; The Massachusetts Declaration of Rights, 1780 ; Boston supports religion for the sake of order, 1780 ; Ashby, Massachusetts, opposes religious establishment, 1780 ; Rev. Ezra Stiles, America will sustain Christian truth, 1783 ; Philadelphia Jews seek equality before the law, 1783 ; James Madison protests religious taxes, 1785 ; Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty, 1786 ; The First Amendment to the United States Constitution, 1791 ; Was there a Revolutionary millennium? / Jon Butler ; The role of religion in the Revolution / William G. McLoughlin
11. Peacetime government under the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, 1781 ; Congress passes an ordinance on Western lands, 1785 ; The Northwest Ordinance, 1787 ; Congressman Charles Pinckney admonishes the New Jersey legislature, 1786 ; Delegates report from a demoralized Congress, 1787 Hampshire County, Massachusetts, farmers call for help, 1786 ; Regulators call for popular support, 1786 ; The Massachusetts legislature advises thrift, virtue, and patience, 1786 ; American federalism before the Constitution / Jack N. Rakove ; In Massachusetts all politics was local in the 1780s / John L. Brooke
12. Making the Constitution of 1787. James Madison on the vices of the political system of the United States, 1787 ; Edmund Randolph presents the Virginia plan, 1787 ; William Patterson proposes the New Jersey plan, 1787 ; Congress debates the New Jersey and Virginia plans, 1787 ; Congress debates the issues, 1787: Democracy and the Lower House, Sectional interests and legislative apportionment, Qualifications for voters, Slavery and the importation of slaves ; The Constitution of the United States of America, 1787 ; What happened at the Constitutional Convention / Lance G. Banning ; Ideas and interests drove Constitution-making / Jack. N. Rakove
13. Ratification politics and the Bill of Rights. The Federalist expounds the advantages of the Constitution, 1787-1788: Factions and their remedy (James Madison, no. 10), The Constitution is national and federal (James Madison, no. 39), The system of checks and balances (Alexander Hamilton or James Madison, no. 51), No Bill of Rights is needed (Alexander Hamilton, no. 84) ; Antifederalists attack the Constitution, 1787-1788: Richard Henry Lee on why a national government will be unrepresentative and despotic, James Winthrop explains why a large republic cannot work, Mercy Otis Warren offers eighteen reasons to reject the Constitution ; Proceedings in the state ratifying conventions, 1788: Massachusetts proposes amendments to the Constitution, Patrick Henry of Virginia denounces the Constitution ; Virginia's declaration of rights and proposed amendments to the Constitution ; The Constitutional Amendments, 1791 (The Bill of Rights) ; The main themes of Constitutional discussion / Isaac Kramnick ; The politics of the Bill of Rights / Leonard W. Levy
14. The consequences of the Revolution. The Revolution advanced men's and women's rights / Rosemarie Zagarri ; The Revolution as radical in some ways, not in others / Alfred F. Young ; The Revolution rearranged North America's human landscape / Edward Countryman.
Society and politics on the eve of the Revolution
The British empire and the war for North America
British reforms and Colonial resistance
The imperial crisis: from the Tea Act to the Declaration of Independence
Fighting for independence
Outsiders and enemies: Native Americans and the Loyalists
Are all men equal? The African-American challenge
Gender and citizenship in a revolutionary republic
Toleration versus religious freedom in a protestant republic
Peacetime government under the Articles of Confederation
Making the Constitution of 1787
Ratification politics and the Bill of Rights
The consequences of the Revolution.
1. Interpreting the American Revolution. The Revolution preserved social inequality / Barbara Clark Smith ; The Revolution destroyed monarchy and paved the way for democracy / Gordon S. Wood ; Boycotts made the Revolution radical / T.H. Breen
2. Society and politics on the eve of the Revolution. Venture Smith, a Connecticut slave, earns his freedom, 1729-1766 ; John Adams, a college graduate, views rural Massachusetts, 1760 ; Anna Green Winslow, a schoolgirl, learns about growing up in Boston, 1771 ; Philip Vickers Fithian, a New Jersey tutor, admires the Tidewater gentry, 1773 ; The preconditions of the American Revolution / Jack P. Greene ; The emergence of popular politics / Richard R. Beeman
3. The British Empire and the war for North America. Franklin, et al., devise Albany plan of colonial union, 1754 ; Benjamin Franklin predicts the plan of union will fail, 1754 ; Order in council on the reform of the customs service, 1763 ; Rev. Thomas Barnard looks to future glories, 1763 ; Friction between colonial troops and British regulars / Fred Anderson ; Britain defined by its empire / P.J. Marshall
4. British reforms and colonial resistance. Virginia Stamp Act resolutions, 1765 ; Governor Francis Bernard describes the Boston riot, 1765 ; The declarations of the Stamp Act Congress, 1765 ; "William Pym" asserts Parliamentary supremacy, 1765 ; The House of Commons questions Benjamin Franklin, 1766 ; Lord Camden (Charles Pratt) exhorts Parliament to change direction, 1766 ; Parliament repeals the Stamp Act but declares its authority, 1766 ; John Dickinson exhorts the colonists to opposition, 1767-1768 ; Charleston merchants propose a plan of nonimportation, 1769 ; The assertion of Parliamentary control and its significance / Edmund S. and Helen M. Morgan ; The Townshend Acts and the consolidation of colonial resistance / Pauline Maier
5. The imperial crisis: from the Tea Act to the Declaration of Independence. John Adams reflects on the Boston Tea Party, 1773 ; Parliament debates the Coercive Acts, 1774 ; The Coercive Acts, 1774 ; Thomas Jefferson asserts American rights, 1774 ; Declaration and resolves of the First Continental Congress, 1774 ; King George proclaims America in rebellion, 1775 ; Thomas Paine calls for common sense, 1776 ; The Declaration of Independence, 1776 ; The mixed motives of merchant revolutionaries / Thomas M. Doerflinger ; Declaring independence / Pauline Maier
6. Fighting for independence. John Adams discusses military preparations, 1776 ; General George Washington asks Congress for an effective army, 1776 ; Congress calls on states to support Continental Army, 1776 ; A soldier views mutiny among American troops, 1780 ; General George Washington explains army problems and calls for help, 1780 ; A veteran remembers the Battle of Saratoga, 1777 ; Two views of the Battle of Yorktown, 1781 ; Hearts and minds: the case of "Long Bill" Scott / John W. Shy ; The strengths and weaknesses of the militia / Don Higginbotham
7. Outsiders and enemies: Native Americans and the loyalists. Oneida Indians declare neutrality, 1775 ; John Adams reports on Congress's strategy toward the Native Americans, 1775 ; Chickasaw Indians seek help ; Patriots intimidate a New Jersey Loyalist, 1775 ; A patriot urges Congress to execute Loyalists, 1776 ; A newspaper attack on Loyalists, 1779 ; Thomas Hutchinson criticizes the Declaration of Independence, 1776 ; Loyalists plead their cause to king, Parliament, and the British people, 1782 ; Benjamin Rush contrasts Loyalists and Patriots, 1777 ; There was no winning strategy for the Indians / Gregory Evans Dowd ; The Loyalists confront civil, Revolutionary, and partisan warfare / Robert M. Calhoon
8. Are all men equal? The African-American challenge. Massachusetts slaves argue for freedom, 1773 ; Worcester County, Massachusetts, calls for the abolition of slavery, 1775 ; Lemuel Haynes, a New England mulatto, attacks slavery, 1776 ; Lord Dunmore promises freedom to slaves who fight for Britain, 1775 ; Three Virginia counties defend slavery, 1785 ; Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, 1863 ; Slavery attacked and defended / Sylvia R. Frey ; The Revolution in Black life / Ira Berlin
9. Gender and citizenship in a revolutionary republic. Thomas Paine admits women have some rights ; Abigail and John Adams debate women's rights, 1776 ; An American woman asserts women's rights, 1780 ; The Declaration of Sentiments of the Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 ; The Revolution and women's rights / Linda K. Kerber ; Women were recognized in the Constitution / Jan Lewis
10. Toleration versus religious freedom in a Protestant republic. Toleration can be joined to religious establishment, 1776 ; The Massachusetts Declaration of Rights, 1780 ; Boston supports religion for the sake of order, 1780 ; Ashby, Massachusetts, opposes religious establishment, 1780 ; Rev. Ezra Stiles, America will sustain Christian truth, 1783 ; Philadelphia Jews seek equality before the law, 1783 ; James Madison protests religious taxes, 1785 ; Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty, 1786 ; The First Amendment to the United States Constitution, 1791 ; Was there a Revolutionary millennium? / Jon Butler ; The role of religion in the Revolution / William G. McLoughlin
11. Peacetime government under the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, 1781 ; Congress passes an ordinance on Western lands, 1785 ; The Northwest Ordinance, 1787 ; Congressman Charles Pinckney admonishes the New Jersey legislature, 1786 ; Delegates report from a demoralized Congress, 1787 Hampshire County, Massachusetts, farmers call for help, 1786 ; Regulators call for popular support, 1786 ; The Massachusetts legislature advises thrift, virtue, and patience, 1786 ; American federalism before the Constitution / Jack N. Rakove ; In Massachusetts all politics was local in the 1780s / John L. Brooke
12. Making the Constitution of 1787. James Madison on the vices of the political system of the United States, 1787 ; Edmund Randolph presents the Virginia plan, 1787 ; William Patterson proposes the New Jersey plan, 1787 ; Congress debates the New Jersey and Virginia plans, 1787 ; Congress debates the issues, 1787: Democracy and the Lower House, Sectional interests and legislative apportionment, Qualifications for voters, Slavery and the importation of slaves ; The Constitution of the United States of America, 1787 ; What happened at the Constitutional Convention / Lance G. Banning ; Ideas and interests drove Constitution-making / Jack. N. Rakove
13. Ratification politics and the Bill of Rights. The Federalist expounds the advantages of the Constitution, 1787-1788: Factions and their remedy (James Madison, no. 10), The Constitution is national and federal (James Madison, no. 39), The system of checks and balances (Alexander Hamilton or James Madison, no. 51), No Bill of Rights is needed (Alexander Hamilton, no. 84) ; Antifederalists attack the Constitution, 1787-1788: Richard Henry Lee on why a national government will be unrepresentative and despotic, James Winthrop explains why a large republic cannot work, Mercy Otis Warren offers eighteen reasons to reject the Constitution ; Proceedings in the state ratifying conventions, 1788: Massachusetts proposes amendments to the Constitution, Patrick Henry of Virginia denounces the Constitution ; Virginia's declaration of rights and proposed amendments to the Constitution ; The Constitutional Amendments, 1791 (The Bill of Rights) ; The main themes of Constitutional discussion / Isaac Kramnick ; The politics of the Bill of Rights / Leonard W. Levy
14. The consequences of the Revolution. The Revolution advanced men's and women's rights / Rosemarie Zagarri ; The Revolution as radical in some ways, not in others / Alfred F. Young ; The Revolution rearranged North America's human landscape / Edward Countryman.