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Preface; Part I. Nature and Origins of Fungi: 1. 21st-century fungal communities; 2. Evolutionary origins; 3. Natural classification of fungi; Part II. Fungal Cell Biology: 4. Hyphal cell biology and growth on solid substrates; 5. Fungal cell biology; 6. Structure and synthesis of fungal cell walls; Part III. Fungal Genetics and Diversity: 7. From the haploid to the functional diploid: homokaryons, heterokaryons, dikaryons and compatibility; 8. Sexual reproduction: the basis of diversity and taxonomy; 9. Continuing the diversity theme: cell and tissue differentiation; Part IV. Biochemistry and Developmental Biology of Fungi: 10. Fungi in ecosystems; 11. Exploiting fungi for food; 12. Development and morphogenesis; Part V. Fungi as Saprotrophs, Symbionts and Pathogens: 13. Ecosystem mycology: saprotrophs, and mutualisms between plants and fungi; 14. Fungi as pathogens of plants; 15. Fungi as symbionts and predators of animals; 16. Fungi as pathogens of animals, including humans; Part VI. Fungal Biotechnology and Bioinformatics: 17. Whole organism biotechnology; 18. Molecular biotechnology; Part VII. Appendices: Appendix 1. Outline classification of fungi; Appendix 2. Mycelial and hyphal; Index.