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Neurologic diagnosis: general considerations
Role of the neurologic history and examination in neurologic diagnosis
Localization of neurologic disease
Mechanisms of neurologic disease
Neurologic examination
Neurologic history
Taking a neurologic history
Mental status examination
Approach to the mental status examination
Language testing
Memory testing
Testing orientation, concentration, knowledge, and constructional ability
Cranial nerve examination
Approach to the examination of the cranial nerves
Examination of the pupils
Funduscopic examination
Examination of visual acuity
Visual field examination
Examination of eye movements
Examination of facial sensation
Examination of facial strength
Examination of jaw strength
Examination of hearing
Examination of palatal function
Examination of tongue movement
Examination of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Examination of taste
Examination of smell
Motor examination
Approach to the motor examination
Examination of upper extremity muscle strength
Examination of lower extremity muscle strength
Examination of tone
Sensory examination
Approach to the sensory examination
Examination of pinprick sensation
Examination of vibration and position sensation
Examination of cortical sensation
Romberg testing
Cerebellar examination
Approach to the cerebellar examination
Testing of upper extremity cerebellar function
Testing of lower extremity cerebellar function
Reflex examination
Approach to reflex testing
Examination of the muscle stretch reflexes
Testing for the Babinski response
Gait examination
Examination of gait
Putting it all together
Performing a complete neurologic examination
Neurologic examination in common clinical scenarios
Tailoring the neurologic history and examination to the clinical scenario
Examination of the comatose patient
Examination of the patient with altered mental status
Examination of the dizzy patient
Examination of the patient with headache
Examination of the patient with a movement disorder
Examination of the patient with a radiculopathy
Examination of the patient with transient focal neurologic symptoms
Examination of the patient with visual symptoms
Examination of the patient with weakness or sensory loss
Examination of the patient with a suspected spinal cord problem
Examination of the patient with a probable stroke
Examination of the patient without neurologic symptoms: the screening
Neurologic examination
Appendix: neurologic imaging and neurophysiologic tests.
Role of the neurologic history and examination in neurologic diagnosis
Localization of neurologic disease
Mechanisms of neurologic disease
Neurologic examination
Neurologic history
Taking a neurologic history
Mental status examination
Approach to the mental status examination
Language testing
Memory testing
Testing orientation, concentration, knowledge, and constructional ability
Cranial nerve examination
Approach to the examination of the cranial nerves
Examination of the pupils
Funduscopic examination
Examination of visual acuity
Visual field examination
Examination of eye movements
Examination of facial sensation
Examination of facial strength
Examination of jaw strength
Examination of hearing
Examination of palatal function
Examination of tongue movement
Examination of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Examination of taste
Examination of smell
Motor examination
Approach to the motor examination
Examination of upper extremity muscle strength
Examination of lower extremity muscle strength
Examination of tone
Sensory examination
Approach to the sensory examination
Examination of pinprick sensation
Examination of vibration and position sensation
Examination of cortical sensation
Romberg testing
Cerebellar examination
Approach to the cerebellar examination
Testing of upper extremity cerebellar function
Testing of lower extremity cerebellar function
Reflex examination
Approach to reflex testing
Examination of the muscle stretch reflexes
Testing for the Babinski response
Gait examination
Examination of gait
Putting it all together
Performing a complete neurologic examination
Neurologic examination in common clinical scenarios
Tailoring the neurologic history and examination to the clinical scenario
Examination of the comatose patient
Examination of the patient with altered mental status
Examination of the dizzy patient
Examination of the patient with headache
Examination of the patient with a movement disorder
Examination of the patient with a radiculopathy
Examination of the patient with transient focal neurologic symptoms
Examination of the patient with visual symptoms
Examination of the patient with weakness or sensory loss
Examination of the patient with a suspected spinal cord problem
Examination of the patient with a probable stroke
Examination of the patient without neurologic symptoms: the screening
Neurologic examination
Appendix: neurologic imaging and neurophysiologic tests.