Introduction : the strands through map worlds ; Who is a cartographer? ; The thirteenth to seventeenth centuries ; The eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (1666 to 1850) ; Cartography from the margins : from the early twentieth century to World War II ; Mid-to late-twentieth-century pioneers and advancers in North America ; Late-twentieth-centure pioneers and advancers in Europe, Asia, and Latin America ; "Getting there without aiming at it" : women's experiences in becoming cartographers ; "We are good ghosts!" : orientations and expectations of women cartographers ; Educational opportunities and obstacles ; The gendered social organization ; Female pathways though the present-day map world ; Gender shifts.