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Supervisors' Foreword; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Magnetism in Nanoparticles; 1.2 Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles; 1.3 What We Cover in This Thesis; 1.4 Outline; References; 2 Experimental Techniques; 2.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy; 2.1.1 JEOL JEM 3,000 F; 2.1.2 FEI TecnaiTM G2 F30 STWIN; 2.2 SQUID Based Magnetometry; 2.3 Anomalous Hall Effect; 2.4 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies in Synchrotron Radiation Facilities; 2.4.1 X-ray Absorption Fine Structure; 2.4.2 X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism; References
3 Structural and Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Co
W Alloyed Nanoparticles3.1 Samples Studied; 3.2 Morphological and Structural Study; 3.2.1 Microscopy Measurements; 3.2.2 XANES and EXAFS Measurements; 3.3 Magnetic Study; 3.3.1 SQUID-Based Magnetometry; 3.3.2 Magnetic Anisotropy of the Co
W Particles; 3.3.3 X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Magnetometry; 3.4 Discussion; 3.5 Conclusions; References; 4 Breakdown of Hund's Third Rule in Amorphous Co
W Alloy Nanoparticles; 4.1 XANES and XMCD Measurements; 4.1.1 Co K Edge Results; 4.1.2 W L2, 3 Edges Results
4.2 Calculations of DOS, XANES and XMCD4.2.1 DOS Calculations; 4.2.2 Co K Edge; 4.2.3 W L2, 3 Edges; 4.3 Discussion; 4.4 Conclusion; References; 5 Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co
Pt Nanoparticles; 5.1 Samples Studied; 5.2 Morphological and Structural Study; 5.2.1 Microscopy Measurements; 5.2.2 XANES and EXAFS Measurements; 5.3 Magnetic Study; 5.3.1 SQUID-Based Magnetometry; 5.3.2 Anomalous Hall Effect Magnetometry; 5.3.3 X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Magnetometry; 5.4 Discussion; 5.5 Conclusions; References; 6 d-Band Magnetism of Ag, Au, Pd and Pt Nanostructured Materials
6.1 Magnetism in Bulk Metals6.2 Induced Magnetism in Nanoparticle Matrix; 6.3 Intrinsic Magnetic Moment in M Nanoparticles; 6.4 Conclusions; References; 7 Transverse Susceptibility Measurement System for the PPMS; 7.1 Theoretical Model of the Magnetic Transverse Susceptibility; 7.2 Description of the TS Measurement System; 7.3 Design and Implementation of the Oscillator Circuit; 7.4 Data Acquisition; 7.5 Test Measurements; 7.5.1 Test Measurements on an Empty Coil; 7.5.2 Calibration of the TS Measurement System with Gd2O3
7.5.3 Test Measurements on a Known and Previously Characterized Sample with a TDO Based TS System7.5.4 Low Temperature Measurements on TmCo2; 7.6 Conclusions; References; 8 Transverse Susceptibility of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Systems; 8.1 Magnetite Nanoparticles; 8.1.1 Experimental; 8.1.2 Magnetic Properties; 8.1.3 Discussion; 8.1.4 Conclusions; 8.2 Maghemite Nanoparticles; 8.2.1 TS Measurements; 8.2.2 Discussion; 8.2.3 Conclusions; References; 9 General Conclusions; 9.1 Perspectives; References
3 Structural and Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Co
W Alloyed Nanoparticles3.1 Samples Studied; 3.2 Morphological and Structural Study; 3.2.1 Microscopy Measurements; 3.2.2 XANES and EXAFS Measurements; 3.3 Magnetic Study; 3.3.1 SQUID-Based Magnetometry; 3.3.2 Magnetic Anisotropy of the Co
W Particles; 3.3.3 X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Magnetometry; 3.4 Discussion; 3.5 Conclusions; References; 4 Breakdown of Hund's Third Rule in Amorphous Co
W Alloy Nanoparticles; 4.1 XANES and XMCD Measurements; 4.1.1 Co K Edge Results; 4.1.2 W L2, 3 Edges Results
4.2 Calculations of DOS, XANES and XMCD4.2.1 DOS Calculations; 4.2.2 Co K Edge; 4.2.3 W L2, 3 Edges; 4.3 Discussion; 4.4 Conclusion; References; 5 Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co
Pt Nanoparticles; 5.1 Samples Studied; 5.2 Morphological and Structural Study; 5.2.1 Microscopy Measurements; 5.2.2 XANES and EXAFS Measurements; 5.3 Magnetic Study; 5.3.1 SQUID-Based Magnetometry; 5.3.2 Anomalous Hall Effect Magnetometry; 5.3.3 X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Magnetometry; 5.4 Discussion; 5.5 Conclusions; References; 6 d-Band Magnetism of Ag, Au, Pd and Pt Nanostructured Materials
6.1 Magnetism in Bulk Metals6.2 Induced Magnetism in Nanoparticle Matrix; 6.3 Intrinsic Magnetic Moment in M Nanoparticles; 6.4 Conclusions; References; 7 Transverse Susceptibility Measurement System for the PPMS; 7.1 Theoretical Model of the Magnetic Transverse Susceptibility; 7.2 Description of the TS Measurement System; 7.3 Design and Implementation of the Oscillator Circuit; 7.4 Data Acquisition; 7.5 Test Measurements; 7.5.1 Test Measurements on an Empty Coil; 7.5.2 Calibration of the TS Measurement System with Gd2O3
7.5.3 Test Measurements on a Known and Previously Characterized Sample with a TDO Based TS System7.5.4 Low Temperature Measurements on TmCo2; 7.6 Conclusions; References; 8 Transverse Susceptibility of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Systems; 8.1 Magnetite Nanoparticles; 8.1.1 Experimental; 8.1.2 Magnetic Properties; 8.1.3 Discussion; 8.1.4 Conclusions; 8.2 Maghemite Nanoparticles; 8.2.1 TS Measurements; 8.2.2 Discussion; 8.2.3 Conclusions; References; 9 General Conclusions; 9.1 Perspectives; References