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Part IIntroduction; 1 ICT for Sustainability: An Emerging Research Field; Abstract; 1...Introduction; 2...What Is Sustainability?; 2.1 Basic Definitions; 2.2 Classification of Resources and the Question of Substitutability; 2.3 Is Sustainability a Question of Balance?; 2.4 Decoupling and Dematerialization; 2.5 Distributive Justice; 3...Related Research Fields; 3.1 Cybernetics as a Precursor; 3.2 Environmental Informatics; 3.3 Computational Sustainability; 3.4 Sustainable HCI; 3.5 Green IT and Green ICT; 3.6 ICT for Sustainability; 3.7 Further Related Fields; 3.8 ICT4S and Ethics
4...Toward a Conceptual Framework for ICT Impacts on Sustainability4.1 The Three-Levels Model; 4.2 The LES Model; 5...Organization of This Book; 2 The Energy Efficiency Benefits and the Economic Imperative of ICT-Enabled Systems; Abstract; 1...Introduction; 2...Historical Impact of Energy Efficiency; 3...Cost-Effective Potential for Exploiting the Energy Efficiency Resource; 4...The ICT Contribution; 5...Overcoming Barriers to Improving Energy Efficiency; References; 3 Actors for Innovation in Green IT; Abstract; 1...Introduction; 2...Green IT; 3...Actors Developing Innovation in Green IT
3.1 Standardization Bodies3.2 Influential Groups; 3.3 Universities/Academic Institutes; 3.4 Companies; 4...Actors Supporting Innovation for Green IT; 4.1 Funding Agencies; 4.2 Technology Transfer Offices; 4.3 Business Angels; 4.4 Governments; 5...Links and Interactions; 5.1 Link Between Universities; 5.2 Link Between University and Company; 5.3 Link Between Standardization Bodies and Influential Groups; 5.4 Links Between TTOs and Universities; 6...Models for Innovation; 7...Conclusion and Future Work; References; Part IIThe Energy Cost of InformationProcessing
4 The Energy Demand of ICT: A Historical Perspective and Current Methodological ChallengesAbstract; 1...Introduction; 2...The History of ICT Energy Demand and Its Measurement; 2.1 Energy as a Key Topic Since the Early Beginnings of Computing; 2.2 ICT Energy Demand as an Emerging Issue; 2.3 Energy Efficiency Policy; 2.4 Trends in ICT Energy Demand Since the 1990s; 2.5 Energy Demand Throughout the Life Cycle of ICT Devices; 2.6 The Influence of Software on the Hardware Life Cycle; 3...Methodological Challenges; 3.1 Defining ICT; 3.2 Data Collection and Modelling Methodology
3.3 Quantifying the Effect of Software on ICT Energy Demand4...Conclusions; References; 5 Semiconductor Technology and the Energy Efficiency of ICT; Abstract; 1...Why Has CMOS Become the Sole Technology for Information Processing?; 2...Where Does CMOS Technology Stand Today?; 3...What Are the Perspectives?; 4...Conclusions; References; 6 The Energy Demand of Data Centers; Abstract; 1...A Short Introduction to Data Centers; 2...Energy in the Data Center; 2.1 Dynamic Power Consumption and Efficiency Factors; 2.2 (Emergency) Power Supply; 2.3 Hardware: Saving Potentials and Recent Developments
4...Toward a Conceptual Framework for ICT Impacts on Sustainability4.1 The Three-Levels Model; 4.2 The LES Model; 5...Organization of This Book; 2 The Energy Efficiency Benefits and the Economic Imperative of ICT-Enabled Systems; Abstract; 1...Introduction; 2...Historical Impact of Energy Efficiency; 3...Cost-Effective Potential for Exploiting the Energy Efficiency Resource; 4...The ICT Contribution; 5...Overcoming Barriers to Improving Energy Efficiency; References; 3 Actors for Innovation in Green IT; Abstract; 1...Introduction; 2...Green IT; 3...Actors Developing Innovation in Green IT
3.1 Standardization Bodies3.2 Influential Groups; 3.3 Universities/Academic Institutes; 3.4 Companies; 4...Actors Supporting Innovation for Green IT; 4.1 Funding Agencies; 4.2 Technology Transfer Offices; 4.3 Business Angels; 4.4 Governments; 5...Links and Interactions; 5.1 Link Between Universities; 5.2 Link Between University and Company; 5.3 Link Between Standardization Bodies and Influential Groups; 5.4 Links Between TTOs and Universities; 6...Models for Innovation; 7...Conclusion and Future Work; References; Part IIThe Energy Cost of InformationProcessing
4 The Energy Demand of ICT: A Historical Perspective and Current Methodological ChallengesAbstract; 1...Introduction; 2...The History of ICT Energy Demand and Its Measurement; 2.1 Energy as a Key Topic Since the Early Beginnings of Computing; 2.2 ICT Energy Demand as an Emerging Issue; 2.3 Energy Efficiency Policy; 2.4 Trends in ICT Energy Demand Since the 1990s; 2.5 Energy Demand Throughout the Life Cycle of ICT Devices; 2.6 The Influence of Software on the Hardware Life Cycle; 3...Methodological Challenges; 3.1 Defining ICT; 3.2 Data Collection and Modelling Methodology
3.3 Quantifying the Effect of Software on ICT Energy Demand4...Conclusions; References; 5 Semiconductor Technology and the Energy Efficiency of ICT; Abstract; 1...Why Has CMOS Become the Sole Technology for Information Processing?; 2...Where Does CMOS Technology Stand Today?; 3...What Are the Perspectives?; 4...Conclusions; References; 6 The Energy Demand of Data Centers; Abstract; 1...A Short Introduction to Data Centers; 2...Energy in the Data Center; 2.1 Dynamic Power Consumption and Efficiency Factors; 2.2 (Emergency) Power Supply; 2.3 Hardware: Saving Potentials and Recent Developments