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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Embedded Systems; 1.1.1 Hardware Platform; 1.1.2 Embedded Software Applications; 1.1.3 System Software; 1.2 Problem Definition; 1.2.1 Shortcomings of Static Solutions; 1.3 Metrics and Cost Factors; 1.3.1 Memory Fragmentation; 1.3.2 Memory Footprint; 1.3.3 Memory Access Count; 1.3.4 Application Task-Level Performance; 1.3.5 Overall Energy Consumption; 1.4 Overview of the Proposed Approach; 1.5 General Design Flow for Embedded Systems Conception; 1.6 Chapters Overview; 2 Analysis and Characterization of Dynamic Multimedia Applications
2.1 Characteristics of Multimedia Applications2.1.1 Example: 3D Image Reconstruction System; 2.1.2 Potential for Optimizations; 2.2 Dynamic Data Handling; 2.2.1 Dynamic Data Structure Optimization Opportunities; 2.2.2 Dynamic Memory Manager; 2.3 Proposed Optimization Method; 2.3.1 Method Overview; 2.3.2 Profiling and Metadata Collection; 2.3.3 Intermediate Variable Removal; 2.3.4 Dynamic Data Type Refinement; 2.3.5 Dynamic Memory Manager Optimizations; 2.3.6 Task-level Data Transfer and Storage Exploration; 2.4 Conclusions; 3 Profiling and Analysis of Dynamic Applications
3.1 Software Metadata Structure3.1.1 Definition and Categorization of Metadata; 3.2 Metadata Mining; 3.2.1 Raw Data Extraction Through Profiling; 3.2.2 Analysis Techniques for Metadata Inference; 3.3 Case Study: Integrated Example on DRR Scheduling; 3.3.1 Goal and Procedure; 3.3.2 Description of the Case Study Application; 3.3.3 Profiling and Analysis; 3.3.4 Dynamic Data Type Refinement
DDTR; 3.3.5 Dynamic Memory Management Refinement
DMMR; 3.3.6 Dynamic Memory Block Transfer Optimization; 3.4 Comparison to Related Work; 3.5 Conclusions
4 Dynamic Data Types Optimization in Multimedia and Communication Applications4.1 Related Work; 4.2 Analysis and Characterization of Multimedia and Wireless Network Applications; 4.2.1 Application Specific Access Behavior; 4.2.2 Representative Sizes and Types of Basic Allocated Elements; 4.3 Example: 3D Image Reconstruction System; 4.4 Transformations of Dynamic Data Types; 4.4.1 Adding a Linked Structure; 4.4.2 Implicit Versus Explicit Keys; 4.4.3 Exploiting Indirection; 4.4.4 Marking; 4.4.5 Key Splitting; 4.4.6 Partitioning; 4.5 Example: DDT Transformations in Tetris Game
4.5.1 Tetris Game4.5.2 The Pixels Buffer; 4.5.3 The Initial Pixels Buffer: A Sparse Array; 4.5.4 Implem2: Explicit Keys; 4.5.5 Implem3: Explicit Keys and Indirection; 4.5.6 Comparing the Different Implementations; 4.5.7 Implem4: Key Splitting; 4.6 Exploration and Optimization Methodology of DDTs Implementations; 4.6.1 Profiling Library of Dynamic Data Allocation; 4.6.2 Library of DDTs Implementations for Multimedia and Communication Applications; 4.6.3 Multi-objective Exploration of DDT Implementations; 4.7 Application of the Exploration and Optimization Methodology to Multimedia ...
2.1 Characteristics of Multimedia Applications2.1.1 Example: 3D Image Reconstruction System; 2.1.2 Potential for Optimizations; 2.2 Dynamic Data Handling; 2.2.1 Dynamic Data Structure Optimization Opportunities; 2.2.2 Dynamic Memory Manager; 2.3 Proposed Optimization Method; 2.3.1 Method Overview; 2.3.2 Profiling and Metadata Collection; 2.3.3 Intermediate Variable Removal; 2.3.4 Dynamic Data Type Refinement; 2.3.5 Dynamic Memory Manager Optimizations; 2.3.6 Task-level Data Transfer and Storage Exploration; 2.4 Conclusions; 3 Profiling and Analysis of Dynamic Applications
3.1 Software Metadata Structure3.1.1 Definition and Categorization of Metadata; 3.2 Metadata Mining; 3.2.1 Raw Data Extraction Through Profiling; 3.2.2 Analysis Techniques for Metadata Inference; 3.3 Case Study: Integrated Example on DRR Scheduling; 3.3.1 Goal and Procedure; 3.3.2 Description of the Case Study Application; 3.3.3 Profiling and Analysis; 3.3.4 Dynamic Data Type Refinement
DDTR; 3.3.5 Dynamic Memory Management Refinement
DMMR; 3.3.6 Dynamic Memory Block Transfer Optimization; 3.4 Comparison to Related Work; 3.5 Conclusions
4 Dynamic Data Types Optimization in Multimedia and Communication Applications4.1 Related Work; 4.2 Analysis and Characterization of Multimedia and Wireless Network Applications; 4.2.1 Application Specific Access Behavior; 4.2.2 Representative Sizes and Types of Basic Allocated Elements; 4.3 Example: 3D Image Reconstruction System; 4.4 Transformations of Dynamic Data Types; 4.4.1 Adding a Linked Structure; 4.4.2 Implicit Versus Explicit Keys; 4.4.3 Exploiting Indirection; 4.4.4 Marking; 4.4.5 Key Splitting; 4.4.6 Partitioning; 4.5 Example: DDT Transformations in Tetris Game
4.5.1 Tetris Game4.5.2 The Pixels Buffer; 4.5.3 The Initial Pixels Buffer: A Sparse Array; 4.5.4 Implem2: Explicit Keys; 4.5.5 Implem3: Explicit Keys and Indirection; 4.5.6 Comparing the Different Implementations; 4.5.7 Implem4: Key Splitting; 4.6 Exploration and Optimization Methodology of DDTs Implementations; 4.6.1 Profiling Library of Dynamic Data Allocation; 4.6.2 Library of DDTs Implementations for Multimedia and Communication Applications; 4.6.3 Multi-objective Exploration of DDT Implementations; 4.7 Application of the Exploration and Optimization Methodology to Multimedia ...