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Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Preface; Table of Contents; Introduction; 1 Basic Concepts and Management Issues of Rivers; 1.1 Basic Concepts; 1.1.1 Hydrological Cycle; 1.1.2 Drainage Network; 1.1.3 Sediment; 1.1.4 Sediment Loads and Bed Forms; 1.1.4.1 Bed Load; 1.1.4.2 Suspended Load; 1.1.4.3 Bed Material Load and Wash Load; 1.1.4.4 Bed Forms; 1.1.5 River Patterns; 1.1.6 Morphological and Hydraulic Features; 1.1.7 Chemical Features; 1.1.8 River Ecology; 1.2 Major River Management Issues; 1.2.1 Water Resources; 1.2.2 Flooding; 1.2.3 Soil Erosion
1.2.4 Riverbed Incision and Geological Disasters1.2.5 Pollution and Eutrophication; 1.2.6 Reservoir Management; 1.2.7 River Uses; 1.2.7.1 Hydro-Power; 1.2.7.2 Irrigation; 1.2.7.3 Inland Navigation; 1.2.8 Ecological Restoration and Integrated River Management; Review Questions; References; 2 Vegetation-Erosion Dynamics; 2.1 Erosion; 2.1.1 Agents of Erosion; 2.1.2 Water Erosion; 2.1.2.1 Types of Water Erosion; 2.1.2.2 The Principal Factors Affecting Water Erosion; 2.1.3 Grain Erosion and Control Strategy; 2.2 Vegetation; 2.2.1 Various Vegetations; 2.2.2 Ecological Stresses on Vegetation
2.2.3 Classification of Stresses2.3 Vegetation-Erosion Dynamics; 2.3.1 Differential Equations; 2.3.2 Application of Vegetation-Erosion Dynamics; 2.3.3 Vegetation-Erosion Chart; 2.3.4 Application of Vegetation-Erosion Chart; 2.3.4.1 Loess Plateau; 2.3.4.2 The Yangtze River Basin; 2.3.4.3 Mountainous Area with Slope Debris in North China; 2.3.4.4 Red Soil Area in South China; 2.4 Riparian Vegetation; 2.4.1 Zoning of Riparian Vegettion; 2.4.2 Role of Vegetation in Fluvial Process; 2.4.2.1 Degradation; 2.4.2.2 Aggradation; 2.4.2.3 Large woody debris (LWD)
2.4.3 Dendrogeomrophic Evidence of Evolution of Incised RiversReview Questions; References; 3 Mountain Rivers and Incised Channels; 3.1 Incised Rivers; 3.1.1 Riverbed Incision; 3.1.2 Causes of Incision; 3.1.2.1 Geological Causes; 3.1.2.2 Geomorphic Causes; 3.1.2.3 Climatic and Hydrologic Causes; 3.1.2.4 Human and Animal Causes; 3.1.3 Evolution process of Incised River; 3.1.3.1 Channel Incision; 3.1.3.2 Bank Erosion; 3.1.3.3 Evolution of Incised Channels; 3.1.3.4 Riparian Vegetation; 3.2 Bedrock Channels; 3.2.1 Incision Rate of Bedrock Channels; 3.2.2 Incision Processes of Bedrock Channels
3.2.3 Knickpoints3.3 Bed Structures Resisting Incision; 3.3.1 Step-pool Systems; 3.3.2 Development of a Step-Pool System; 3.3.2.1 Development Degree of a Step-Pool System; 3.3.2.2 Experimental Studies; 3.3.3 Other Types of Bed Structures; 3.3.3.1 Ribbing Structures; 3.3.3.2 Star-Studded Boulders; 3.3.3.3 Bank Stones; 3.3.3.4 Boulder and Cobble Clusters; 3.4 Environmental Impacts and Control Strategies of Riverbed Incision; 3.4.1 Environmental Impacts; 3.4.2 Incision Control Strategies; 3.4.2.1 Control Strategies; 3.4.2.2 Knickpoints; 3.4.2.3 Incision Control with Structures
1.2.4 Riverbed Incision and Geological Disasters1.2.5 Pollution and Eutrophication; 1.2.6 Reservoir Management; 1.2.7 River Uses; 1.2.7.1 Hydro-Power; 1.2.7.2 Irrigation; 1.2.7.3 Inland Navigation; 1.2.8 Ecological Restoration and Integrated River Management; Review Questions; References; 2 Vegetation-Erosion Dynamics; 2.1 Erosion; 2.1.1 Agents of Erosion; 2.1.2 Water Erosion; 2.1.2.1 Types of Water Erosion; 2.1.2.2 The Principal Factors Affecting Water Erosion; 2.1.3 Grain Erosion and Control Strategy; 2.2 Vegetation; 2.2.1 Various Vegetations; 2.2.2 Ecological Stresses on Vegetation
2.2.3 Classification of Stresses2.3 Vegetation-Erosion Dynamics; 2.3.1 Differential Equations; 2.3.2 Application of Vegetation-Erosion Dynamics; 2.3.3 Vegetation-Erosion Chart; 2.3.4 Application of Vegetation-Erosion Chart; 2.3.4.1 Loess Plateau; 2.3.4.2 The Yangtze River Basin; 2.3.4.3 Mountainous Area with Slope Debris in North China; 2.3.4.4 Red Soil Area in South China; 2.4 Riparian Vegetation; 2.4.1 Zoning of Riparian Vegettion; 2.4.2 Role of Vegetation in Fluvial Process; 2.4.2.1 Degradation; 2.4.2.2 Aggradation; 2.4.2.3 Large woody debris (LWD)
2.4.3 Dendrogeomrophic Evidence of Evolution of Incised RiversReview Questions; References; 3 Mountain Rivers and Incised Channels; 3.1 Incised Rivers; 3.1.1 Riverbed Incision; 3.1.2 Causes of Incision; 3.1.2.1 Geological Causes; 3.1.2.2 Geomorphic Causes; 3.1.2.3 Climatic and Hydrologic Causes; 3.1.2.4 Human and Animal Causes; 3.1.3 Evolution process of Incised River; 3.1.3.1 Channel Incision; 3.1.3.2 Bank Erosion; 3.1.3.3 Evolution of Incised Channels; 3.1.3.4 Riparian Vegetation; 3.2 Bedrock Channels; 3.2.1 Incision Rate of Bedrock Channels; 3.2.2 Incision Processes of Bedrock Channels
3.2.3 Knickpoints3.3 Bed Structures Resisting Incision; 3.3.1 Step-pool Systems; 3.3.2 Development of a Step-Pool System; 3.3.2.1 Development Degree of a Step-Pool System; 3.3.2.2 Experimental Studies; 3.3.3 Other Types of Bed Structures; 3.3.3.1 Ribbing Structures; 3.3.3.2 Star-Studded Boulders; 3.3.3.3 Bank Stones; 3.3.3.4 Boulder and Cobble Clusters; 3.4 Environmental Impacts and Control Strategies of Riverbed Incision; 3.4.1 Environmental Impacts; 3.4.2 Incision Control Strategies; 3.4.2.1 Control Strategies; 3.4.2.2 Knickpoints; 3.4.2.3 Incision Control with Structures