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Preface; Contents; 1 Green Chemistry and Associated Metrics; Abstract; 1.1 Green Chemistry; 1.1.1 The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry; 1.1.2 Synthetic Efficiency and Overall Process Quality; 1.2 Some Award-Winning Green Processes; 1.2.1 The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards; 1.2.2 BHC Ibuprofen Synthesis: A Perspective on Intrinsic Efficiency; 1.2.3 Merck's Synthesis of Januvia: Highlights and Global Efficiency; 1.2.4 Pfizer's Sertraline Process: A Perspective on Overall Process Quality; 1.3 Green Metrics: Overview and the Path Forward; References
2 Atom Economy and Reaction Mass EfficiencyAbstract; 2.1 Atom Economy; 2.1.1 Development and Motivation; 2.1.2 Definition and Key Assumptions; 2.1.3 Reaction Types: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly; 2.1.4 Catalysis, Industry and Innovation; 2.1.4.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis; 2.1.4.2 Homogeneous Catalysis; 2.1.4.3 Biocatalysis; 2.1.5 100 % Atom Economy: Above and Beyond; 2.2 Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME); 2.2.1 History and Development; 2.2.1.1 A Good Start: The Curzons Definition; 2.2.1.2 A Unifying Concept: The Andraos Definition; 2.2.2 Applying RME to Catalysis
2.2.2.1 Mass Efficiency in Heterogeneous Catalysis2.2.2.2 A Homogeneous Base-Catalyzed Amidation; 2.2.2.3 Biocatalysis and the Synthesis of 7-ACA; 2.2.3 Future Directions; References; 3 The E Factor and Process Mass Intensity; Abstract; 3.1 The E Factor; 3.1.1 History and Development; 3.1.2 Intrinsic and Global E Factors; 3.1.3 Perspective on Waste in Academia and Industry; 3.1.4 The Solution: Catalysis; 3.1.4.1 The Advantage of Heterogeneous Catalysis; 3.1.4.2 Opportunities in Homogeneous Catalysis; 3.1.4.3 Biocatalysis and the Issue of Solvent Waste
3.1.5 Perspectives on Waste in Alternative Reaction Media3.1.6 Beyond the E Factor: Innovative Synthetic Methods; 3.2 Process Mass Intensity (PMI); 3.2.1 History and Motivation; 3.2.2 Process Mass Intensity in Relation to Other Metrics; 3.2.3 Biocatalysis and the Synthesis of Singulair; 3.2.4 Future Trends and the Changing Industrial Landscape; References; 4 Selected Qualitative Green Metrics; Abstract; 4.1 The EcoScale; 4.1.1 The Penalty System: Virtues and Drawbacks; 4.1.2 Application in Education and Academia; 4.1.3 The Modified Ecoscale: An Industrial Metric?
4.2 Other Qualitative Metrics4.2.1 Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses; 4.2.2 The Andraos Algorithm: Advancing Radial Polygons; 4.2.3 Future Directions: What Does ``Global'' Really Mean?; References; 5 An Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment; Abstract; 5.1 History and the Journey Toward Standardization; 5.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); 5.2.1 The Nuts and Bolts; 5.2.2 The Green Chemistry Connection; 5.2.3 Virtues and Limitations; 5.3 Industrial Application: Revisiting the Synthesis of 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid
2 Atom Economy and Reaction Mass EfficiencyAbstract; 2.1 Atom Economy; 2.1.1 Development and Motivation; 2.1.2 Definition and Key Assumptions; 2.1.3 Reaction Types: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly; 2.1.4 Catalysis, Industry and Innovation; 2.1.4.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis; 2.1.4.2 Homogeneous Catalysis; 2.1.4.3 Biocatalysis; 2.1.5 100 % Atom Economy: Above and Beyond; 2.2 Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME); 2.2.1 History and Development; 2.2.1.1 A Good Start: The Curzons Definition; 2.2.1.2 A Unifying Concept: The Andraos Definition; 2.2.2 Applying RME to Catalysis
2.2.2.1 Mass Efficiency in Heterogeneous Catalysis2.2.2.2 A Homogeneous Base-Catalyzed Amidation; 2.2.2.3 Biocatalysis and the Synthesis of 7-ACA; 2.2.3 Future Directions; References; 3 The E Factor and Process Mass Intensity; Abstract; 3.1 The E Factor; 3.1.1 History and Development; 3.1.2 Intrinsic and Global E Factors; 3.1.3 Perspective on Waste in Academia and Industry; 3.1.4 The Solution: Catalysis; 3.1.4.1 The Advantage of Heterogeneous Catalysis; 3.1.4.2 Opportunities in Homogeneous Catalysis; 3.1.4.3 Biocatalysis and the Issue of Solvent Waste
3.1.5 Perspectives on Waste in Alternative Reaction Media3.1.6 Beyond the E Factor: Innovative Synthetic Methods; 3.2 Process Mass Intensity (PMI); 3.2.1 History and Motivation; 3.2.2 Process Mass Intensity in Relation to Other Metrics; 3.2.3 Biocatalysis and the Synthesis of Singulair; 3.2.4 Future Trends and the Changing Industrial Landscape; References; 4 Selected Qualitative Green Metrics; Abstract; 4.1 The EcoScale; 4.1.1 The Penalty System: Virtues and Drawbacks; 4.1.2 Application in Education and Academia; 4.1.3 The Modified Ecoscale: An Industrial Metric?
4.2 Other Qualitative Metrics4.2.1 Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses; 4.2.2 The Andraos Algorithm: Advancing Radial Polygons; 4.2.3 Future Directions: What Does ``Global'' Really Mean?; References; 5 An Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment; Abstract; 5.1 History and the Journey Toward Standardization; 5.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); 5.2.1 The Nuts and Bolts; 5.2.2 The Green Chemistry Connection; 5.2.3 Virtues and Limitations; 5.3 Industrial Application: Revisiting the Synthesis of 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid