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Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Acknowledgments; Contents; Nomenclature; 1 Neutron Stars and Pulsars; 1.1 Birth, Life and Death; 1.1.1 Fermi Gasses and the Chandrasekhar Limit; 1.2 Supernovae and the Birth of Neutron Stars; 1.2.1 Core-Collapse Supernovae; 1.2.2 Electron-Capture Supernovae et al.; 1.3 Neutron Star Structure; 1.4 Equation-of-State; 1.4.1 Tackling the Equation-of-State Problem; 1.5 Pulsars; 1.5.1 Pulsar Emission; 1.5.2 Spin-Down and Ages; 1.5.3 The P
Diagram and Binary Pulsars; 1.6 Thesis Outline; References; 2 Binary and Millisecond Pulsars
2.1 The Observed Population of Binary Pulsars2.2 Timing and Orbits; 2.2.1 Masses and Tests of General Relativity; 2.2.2 Special Cases: Circular Orbits; 2.2.3 Special Cases: Mass Ratios and Spectroscopy; 2.3 Recycled Pulsars and Their Formation; 2.3.1 Evolution of the Orbital Separation; 2.4 Low-Mass He-Core White Dwarf Companions; References; 3 An Observational Test for Low-Mass Helium-Core White-Dwarf Models; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Observations; 3.2.1 Spectroscopy; 3.2.2 Photometry; 3.3 Results; 3.3.1 Radial Velocities and Orbit; 3.3.2 Interstellar Extinction; 3.3.3 Spectral Fit
3.3.4 Radius and Surface Gravity3.4 Ramifications; 3.4.1 A Test of the Atmospheric Models; 3.4.2 3D Velocity: A Pulsar Coming from the Galactic Center; 3.4.3 Comparison of Atmospheric Properties and Mass Radius Relations; 3.5 Conclusions; References; 4 The Relativistic Binary PSRJ1738+0333; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Observations; 4.2.1 Radio; 4.2.2 Optical; 4.2.3 Photometry; 4.3 Results; 4.3.1 Radial Velocities; 4.3.2 Radial Velocity, Orbit and Mass Ratio; 4.3.3 Systemic Velocity; 4.3.4 Interstellar Reddening; 4.3.5 Temperature and Surface Gravity of the White Dwarf
4.3.6 White Dwarf Radius from Photometry4.3.7 Masses of the White Dwarf and the Pulsar; 4.3.8 Cooling Age; 4.3.9 3D Velocity and Galactic Motion; 4.4 Ramifications; 4.4.1 Kinematics; 4.4.2 Evolutionary History; 4.4.3 Pulsar Mass and Efficiency of the Mass Transfer; 4.5 Conclusions; 4.6 Summary of Results Presented in PaperII; References; 5 A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary; References; 6 A White Dwarf Companion to the Relativistic Pulsar J1141-6545; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Observations and Data Reduction; 6.2.1 Photometry; 6.2.2 Astrometry; 6.3 Results
6.3.1 Distance and Reddening6.3.2 Age and Temperature; 6.4 Conclusions and Discussion; References; 7 Summary and Future Work; 7.1 Overview; 7.2 Questions and Thoughts for the Future; 7.2.1 White Dwarf Physics; 7.2.2 Millisecond Pulsar Ages; 7.2.3 Evolution of Low-Mass X-ray Binaries; 7.2.4 Neutron Star Masses; 7.2.5 Strong-Field Gravity; References
Diagram and Binary Pulsars; 1.6 Thesis Outline; References; 2 Binary and Millisecond Pulsars
2.1 The Observed Population of Binary Pulsars2.2 Timing and Orbits; 2.2.1 Masses and Tests of General Relativity; 2.2.2 Special Cases: Circular Orbits; 2.2.3 Special Cases: Mass Ratios and Spectroscopy; 2.3 Recycled Pulsars and Their Formation; 2.3.1 Evolution of the Orbital Separation; 2.4 Low-Mass He-Core White Dwarf Companions; References; 3 An Observational Test for Low-Mass Helium-Core White-Dwarf Models; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Observations; 3.2.1 Spectroscopy; 3.2.2 Photometry; 3.3 Results; 3.3.1 Radial Velocities and Orbit; 3.3.2 Interstellar Extinction; 3.3.3 Spectral Fit
3.3.4 Radius and Surface Gravity3.4 Ramifications; 3.4.1 A Test of the Atmospheric Models; 3.4.2 3D Velocity: A Pulsar Coming from the Galactic Center; 3.4.3 Comparison of Atmospheric Properties and Mass Radius Relations; 3.5 Conclusions; References; 4 The Relativistic Binary PSRJ1738+0333; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Observations; 4.2.1 Radio; 4.2.2 Optical; 4.2.3 Photometry; 4.3 Results; 4.3.1 Radial Velocities; 4.3.2 Radial Velocity, Orbit and Mass Ratio; 4.3.3 Systemic Velocity; 4.3.4 Interstellar Reddening; 4.3.5 Temperature and Surface Gravity of the White Dwarf
4.3.6 White Dwarf Radius from Photometry4.3.7 Masses of the White Dwarf and the Pulsar; 4.3.8 Cooling Age; 4.3.9 3D Velocity and Galactic Motion; 4.4 Ramifications; 4.4.1 Kinematics; 4.4.2 Evolutionary History; 4.4.3 Pulsar Mass and Efficiency of the Mass Transfer; 4.5 Conclusions; 4.6 Summary of Results Presented in PaperII; References; 5 A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary; References; 6 A White Dwarf Companion to the Relativistic Pulsar J1141-6545; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Observations and Data Reduction; 6.2.1 Photometry; 6.2.2 Astrometry; 6.3 Results
6.3.1 Distance and Reddening6.3.2 Age and Temperature; 6.4 Conclusions and Discussion; References; 7 Summary and Future Work; 7.1 Overview; 7.2 Questions and Thoughts for the Future; 7.2.1 White Dwarf Physics; 7.2.2 Millisecond Pulsar Ages; 7.2.3 Evolution of Low-Mass X-ray Binaries; 7.2.4 Neutron Star Masses; 7.2.5 Strong-Field Gravity; References