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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; 1: Introduction; 2: Development and Neurobiological Foundations of Visual Perception; 2.1 Visual and Oculomotor Functions and Their Significance for Visual Perception; 2.2 Neurobiological Foundations of Vision; 2.3 Development of Vision and of Its Neurobiological Foundations; 2.3.1 Visual Field; 2.3.2 Visual Adaptation; 2.3.3 Visual Contrast Sensitivity and Visual Acuity; 2.3.4 Colour Vision; 2.3.5 Visual Space Perception; 2.3.6 Form and Object Perception; 2.3.7 Visual Categorisation, Concept Formation and Constancy; 2.3.8 Face Perception; 2.3.9 Text Processing and Reading
2.3.10 Social Perception and Social Behaviour; 2.4 Attention in Vision; 2.5 Visual Memory; 2.6 Visual-Motor Functions; 2.7 Ocular Motor Functions; 2.7.1 Accommodation and Convergence; 2.7.2 Fixation; 2.7.3 Saccadic Eye Movements; 2.7.4 Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements; 2.7.5 Binocular Eye Movements and Binocular Vision; 2.7.6 Visual Exploration and Visual Search; 2.7.7 Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN), the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) and Cerebellar Input; 2.7.8 Head Movements and Vision; 2.7.9 Grasping; 2.8 Comments; 3: Development of Non-visual Mental Functions and Capacities; 3.1 Attention
3.2 Learning and Memory; 3.3 Executive Functions; 3.4 Language; 3.5 Emotions; 3.6 Motivation; Conclusion; 4: Visual Disorders; 4.1 Preliminary Remarks; 4.2 The Concept of CVI (Cerebral Visual Impairment); 4.3 Visual Disturbances; 4.3.1 Visual Field; 4.3.2 Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, Optics and Accommodation; 4.3.2.1 Low Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity; 4.3.2.2 Refractive Error; 4.3.2.3 Lack of Accommodation; 4.3.2.4 Hypermetropia Causing Convergent Strabismus (Accommodative Esotropia); 4.3.2.5 Spectacle Wear; 4.3.3 Visual Adaptation; 4.3.4 Colour Vision; 4.3.5 Stereopsis
4.3.6 Perception of Movement; 4.3.7 Visual Localisation and Visual Direction Perception; 4.3.8 Form Vision, Object and Face Perception; 4.3.9 Text Processing and Reading; 4.3.10 Field of Attention; 4.3.11 The Dorsal/Ventral Stream Dissociation of Visual Processing; 4.4 Eye Movements; 4.4.1 Fixation; 4.4.2 Saccadic and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements; OKN; 4.4.3 Oculomotor Scanning Patterns; Visual Exploration and Visual Search; 4.4.4 Head Movements; 4.5 CVI and Aetiology of Brain Injury; 4.5.1 Disorders of Brain Development; 4.5.1.1 Embryological Errors
4.5.1.2 Malformations of Cortical Development (Brodsky 2010); 4.5.2 Preterm Birth; 4.5.3 Periventricular Leucomalacia (PVL)/Periventricular Brain Injury*/White Matter Damage of Immaturity; 4.5.4 Hypoxia; 4.5.5 Epilepsy; 4.5.5.1 Epileptiform Visual Aura; 4.5.5.2 Ictal and Post Ictal Blindness; 4.5.5.3 Photosensitive Epilepsy; 4.5.6 Other Aetiologies; 4.5.7 Visual Disorders in Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP); 4.5.8 Acquired in Later Childhood; 4.5.9 Non-organic ('Functional') Visual Dysfunction; 5: On the Coexistence of CVI and Mental and Motor Dysfunctions; 5.1 Some Introductory Remarks
2.3.10 Social Perception and Social Behaviour; 2.4 Attention in Vision; 2.5 Visual Memory; 2.6 Visual-Motor Functions; 2.7 Ocular Motor Functions; 2.7.1 Accommodation and Convergence; 2.7.2 Fixation; 2.7.3 Saccadic Eye Movements; 2.7.4 Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements; 2.7.5 Binocular Eye Movements and Binocular Vision; 2.7.6 Visual Exploration and Visual Search; 2.7.7 Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN), the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) and Cerebellar Input; 2.7.8 Head Movements and Vision; 2.7.9 Grasping; 2.8 Comments; 3: Development of Non-visual Mental Functions and Capacities; 3.1 Attention
3.2 Learning and Memory; 3.3 Executive Functions; 3.4 Language; 3.5 Emotions; 3.6 Motivation; Conclusion; 4: Visual Disorders; 4.1 Preliminary Remarks; 4.2 The Concept of CVI (Cerebral Visual Impairment); 4.3 Visual Disturbances; 4.3.1 Visual Field; 4.3.2 Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, Optics and Accommodation; 4.3.2.1 Low Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity; 4.3.2.2 Refractive Error; 4.3.2.3 Lack of Accommodation; 4.3.2.4 Hypermetropia Causing Convergent Strabismus (Accommodative Esotropia); 4.3.2.5 Spectacle Wear; 4.3.3 Visual Adaptation; 4.3.4 Colour Vision; 4.3.5 Stereopsis
4.3.6 Perception of Movement; 4.3.7 Visual Localisation and Visual Direction Perception; 4.3.8 Form Vision, Object and Face Perception; 4.3.9 Text Processing and Reading; 4.3.10 Field of Attention; 4.3.11 The Dorsal/Ventral Stream Dissociation of Visual Processing; 4.4 Eye Movements; 4.4.1 Fixation; 4.4.2 Saccadic and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements; OKN; 4.4.3 Oculomotor Scanning Patterns; Visual Exploration and Visual Search; 4.4.4 Head Movements; 4.5 CVI and Aetiology of Brain Injury; 4.5.1 Disorders of Brain Development; 4.5.1.1 Embryological Errors
4.5.1.2 Malformations of Cortical Development (Brodsky 2010); 4.5.2 Preterm Birth; 4.5.3 Periventricular Leucomalacia (PVL)/Periventricular Brain Injury*/White Matter Damage of Immaturity; 4.5.4 Hypoxia; 4.5.5 Epilepsy; 4.5.5.1 Epileptiform Visual Aura; 4.5.5.2 Ictal and Post Ictal Blindness; 4.5.5.3 Photosensitive Epilepsy; 4.5.6 Other Aetiologies; 4.5.7 Visual Disorders in Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP); 4.5.8 Acquired in Later Childhood; 4.5.9 Non-organic ('Functional') Visual Dysfunction; 5: On the Coexistence of CVI and Mental and Motor Dysfunctions; 5.1 Some Introductory Remarks