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Table of Contents
Foreword; Acknowledgment; Contents; Editors and Contributors; Editors; Contributors; Acronyms and Abbreviations; List of Figures; List of Tables; Part I: Overview and Foundations; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Foreword; 1.2 The Broader Idea of This Book; 1.3 Structure of the Book; References; Chapter 2: Ethics in the Organic Movement; 2.1 Implementation of the IFOAM Principles; 2.2 The Ethical Foundation of the IFOAM Principles; 2.2.1 Worldviews and IFOAM Principles; 2.2.1.1 The Anthropocentric View; 2.2.1.2 The Theocentric View; 2.2.1.3 The Pathocentric View; 2.2.1.4 The Biocentric View
2.2.1.5 The Ecocentric and Holistic View2.2.1.6 Final Observations on Worldviews and the IFOAM Principles; 2.2.2 Beyond Organic as a Moral Obligation; 2.2.2.1 The Deontological Perspective of Organic; 2.2.2.2 The Consequentialism Perspective of Organic; 2.2.2.3 Moderate Deontology as a Step Forward; 2.2.2.4 Organic as Virtue; 2.2.2.5 Thoughts on Re-conceptualizing Organic Ethics; 2.3 Diversification of Ethics in the OrganicMovement
A Historical Perspective; 2.3.1 Framing the Organic Roots: Agriculturein the Nineteenth and Early TwentiethCentury
A European Perspective
2.3.2 Pioneers of the Organic Movement2.3.3 Organic and Environmentalism; 2.3.4 Organic Principles and Standards; Annex; References; Part II: Standards and Certification; Overview and Observations; References; Chapter 3: Organic Certification and the Rationalization of Alternative Food and Agriculture: Sustainable Shrimp Farming in Indonesia; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Alternative Food, Agriculture, and Governance; 3.3 The Sustainable Shrimp Project in Bojokulu, Indonesia; 3.4 Organic Certification: Standards, Measures, and Audits; 3.4.1 Standards of Sustainable Farming
3.4.2 Measures of Sustainable Farming3.4.3 Audits of Sustainable Farming; 3.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Differentiating Organics: Performing Multiple Objects to Organize Singular Markets for Organic Tea and Biscuits in the UK; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Conceptualizing the Performances of Organic; 4.3 Methods; 4.4 The Singular UK Market for Organic; 4.5 Multiple Organics
The Case of Tanzanian Tea; 4.5.1 Organic by Default; 4.5.2 Parallel Organics; 4.5.3 Cross-Certified; 4.6 Multiple Organics
The Case of UK Cereals; 4.7 Conclusions on Differentiating Organics; References
Chapter 5: Feeding the World
The Contribution of IFOAM Principles5.1 Background and Objectives; 5.2 The Debates on Feeding the World; 5.2.1 The High-Input Paradigm; 5.2.2 Organic Paradigm; 5.2.3 Feeding the World Beyond a Technological Perspective; 5.3 The IFOAM Principles and Food Security; 5.4 Food Security and the IFOAM Norms; 5.4.1 The IFOAM Standards Requirements; 5.4.2 IFOAM Standards; 5.4.3 The IFOAM Accreditation Requirements; 5.5 Discussion and Conclusions; References; Part III: Markets and Consumers; Overview and Observations; References
2.2.1.5 The Ecocentric and Holistic View2.2.1.6 Final Observations on Worldviews and the IFOAM Principles; 2.2.2 Beyond Organic as a Moral Obligation; 2.2.2.1 The Deontological Perspective of Organic; 2.2.2.2 The Consequentialism Perspective of Organic; 2.2.2.3 Moderate Deontology as a Step Forward; 2.2.2.4 Organic as Virtue; 2.2.2.5 Thoughts on Re-conceptualizing Organic Ethics; 2.3 Diversification of Ethics in the OrganicMovement
A Historical Perspective; 2.3.1 Framing the Organic Roots: Agriculturein the Nineteenth and Early TwentiethCentury
A European Perspective
2.3.2 Pioneers of the Organic Movement2.3.3 Organic and Environmentalism; 2.3.4 Organic Principles and Standards; Annex; References; Part II: Standards and Certification; Overview and Observations; References; Chapter 3: Organic Certification and the Rationalization of Alternative Food and Agriculture: Sustainable Shrimp Farming in Indonesia; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Alternative Food, Agriculture, and Governance; 3.3 The Sustainable Shrimp Project in Bojokulu, Indonesia; 3.4 Organic Certification: Standards, Measures, and Audits; 3.4.1 Standards of Sustainable Farming
3.4.2 Measures of Sustainable Farming3.4.3 Audits of Sustainable Farming; 3.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Differentiating Organics: Performing Multiple Objects to Organize Singular Markets for Organic Tea and Biscuits in the UK; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Conceptualizing the Performances of Organic; 4.3 Methods; 4.4 The Singular UK Market for Organic; 4.5 Multiple Organics
The Case of Tanzanian Tea; 4.5.1 Organic by Default; 4.5.2 Parallel Organics; 4.5.3 Cross-Certified; 4.6 Multiple Organics
The Case of UK Cereals; 4.7 Conclusions on Differentiating Organics; References
Chapter 5: Feeding the World
The Contribution of IFOAM Principles5.1 Background and Objectives; 5.2 The Debates on Feeding the World; 5.2.1 The High-Input Paradigm; 5.2.2 Organic Paradigm; 5.2.3 Feeding the World Beyond a Technological Perspective; 5.3 The IFOAM Principles and Food Security; 5.4 Food Security and the IFOAM Norms; 5.4.1 The IFOAM Standards Requirements; 5.4.2 IFOAM Standards; 5.4.3 The IFOAM Accreditation Requirements; 5.5 Discussion and Conclusions; References; Part III: Markets and Consumers; Overview and Observations; References