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Table of Contents
Author's Preface ; Contents; List of Abbreviations; About the Author; Chapter-1; Introduction; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights: A Conceptual Framework; 1.2.1 Biotechnology; 1.2.2 Intellectual Property Rights; 1.3 Nature, Purpose and Focus of the Book; 1.4 The Framework of the Book; References; Chapter-2; Patentability of Biotechnology: A Comparative Study with Regard to the USA, European Union, Canada and India; 2.1 Biotechnology and Patent Law; 2.1.1 Transformation of Biotechnology: From a Non-commercial Science to a Commercial Industry
2.1.2 Conjunction of Biotechnology and Patent Law: Challenges Posed by Biotechnology Before the Existing Patent Systems2.1.3 Human Genetic Patents: A Special and Controversial Case of Biotechnology Patents; 2.1.4 Divergence in Biotechnology Patent Practices Among Different Jurisdictions; 2.2 Patentability of Biotechnology in the USA; 2.2.1 Biotechnology as a Patentable Subject Matter; 2.2.2 Other Statutory Requirements; 2.3 Patentability of Biotechnology in European Union; 2.3.1 Traces of a Unified System of Patents for European Union
2.3.2 Specific Legislative Response to Biotechnology Inventions2.3.3 Sources Governing Patent Grants in Europe; 2.3.4 Biotechnology as a Patentable Subject Matter in European Union; 2.3.4.1 Patentable Subject Matter; 2.3.5 Other Statutory Criteria for Patents; 2.4 Patentability of Biotechnology Inventions in Canada; 2.4.1 Statutory Framework for Patenting; 2.4.1.1 Patentable Subject Matter; 2.4.1.2 Other Statutory Requirements for Patenting; 2.4.2 Comparison of Canada with the USA and Europe; 2.5 Patentability of Biotechnology Inventions in India
2.5.1 Dimminaco Case: Paving the Way for Biotechnology Patents in India2.5.2 Statutory Provisions Regarding Biotechnological Inventions Under the Current Patent Act 1970 (as Amended in 1999, 2002 and 2005); 2.5.2.1 Biotechnological Inventions as Patentable Subject Matter; 2.5.2.2 Other Statutory Requirements Under Indian Patent Act for Patenting; 2.5.3 Status of Biotechnology Patent in India; References; Chapter-3; Patentability of Biotechnology Under the International Patent Regime: Differentiation v. Harmonisation; 3.1 Territorial Nature of Patents
3.2 Internationalisation of Patent System: From Territorial to Global Patent Regime3.3 Patentability of Biotechnology Under TRIPS: Interpreting TRIPS in the Light of Biotechnology Inventions; 3.3.1 Different Countries Interpret the Term 'Invention' Differently; 3.3.2 Special Legislations for Different Technologies in Member Countries Violate Non-discrimination Provision Under TRIPS; 3.3.3 Exceptions Under the TRIPS Agreement; 3.3.4 Patenting of Life Forms Under the TRIPS Agreement: Internationalisation of Gene Patents; 3.3.5 Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement: A Temporary Compromise
2.1.2 Conjunction of Biotechnology and Patent Law: Challenges Posed by Biotechnology Before the Existing Patent Systems2.1.3 Human Genetic Patents: A Special and Controversial Case of Biotechnology Patents; 2.1.4 Divergence in Biotechnology Patent Practices Among Different Jurisdictions; 2.2 Patentability of Biotechnology in the USA; 2.2.1 Biotechnology as a Patentable Subject Matter; 2.2.2 Other Statutory Requirements; 2.3 Patentability of Biotechnology in European Union; 2.3.1 Traces of a Unified System of Patents for European Union
2.3.2 Specific Legislative Response to Biotechnology Inventions2.3.3 Sources Governing Patent Grants in Europe; 2.3.4 Biotechnology as a Patentable Subject Matter in European Union; 2.3.4.1 Patentable Subject Matter; 2.3.5 Other Statutory Criteria for Patents; 2.4 Patentability of Biotechnology Inventions in Canada; 2.4.1 Statutory Framework for Patenting; 2.4.1.1 Patentable Subject Matter; 2.4.1.2 Other Statutory Requirements for Patenting; 2.4.2 Comparison of Canada with the USA and Europe; 2.5 Patentability of Biotechnology Inventions in India
2.5.1 Dimminaco Case: Paving the Way for Biotechnology Patents in India2.5.2 Statutory Provisions Regarding Biotechnological Inventions Under the Current Patent Act 1970 (as Amended in 1999, 2002 and 2005); 2.5.2.1 Biotechnological Inventions as Patentable Subject Matter; 2.5.2.2 Other Statutory Requirements Under Indian Patent Act for Patenting; 2.5.3 Status of Biotechnology Patent in India; References; Chapter-3; Patentability of Biotechnology Under the International Patent Regime: Differentiation v. Harmonisation; 3.1 Territorial Nature of Patents
3.2 Internationalisation of Patent System: From Territorial to Global Patent Regime3.3 Patentability of Biotechnology Under TRIPS: Interpreting TRIPS in the Light of Biotechnology Inventions; 3.3.1 Different Countries Interpret the Term 'Invention' Differently; 3.3.2 Special Legislations for Different Technologies in Member Countries Violate Non-discrimination Provision Under TRIPS; 3.3.3 Exceptions Under the TRIPS Agreement; 3.3.4 Patenting of Life Forms Under the TRIPS Agreement: Internationalisation of Gene Patents; 3.3.5 Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement: A Temporary Compromise