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Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Theoretical Background; 2.1 Mountain Regions: Key Issues in Environmental Research; 2.1.1 Mountain Regions and Climate Change; 2.1.2 Mountain Research in the Carpathian Region; 2.2 Weather and Climate of the Romanian Carpathians: A Literature Review; References; Chapter 3: Study Area; 3.1 Geographical Location of the Romanian Carpathians Within the Carpathian Chain; 3.2 General Morphological Settings; 3.3 The Paleogeographic Evolution and Geological Constitution; 3.4 Hydrology and Hydrogeology
3.5 Zonation of Vegetation and SoilsReferences; Chapter 4: Data; 4.1 Datasets; 4.2 Mountain Meteorological Network; References; Chapter 5: Methods; 5.1 Homogenization; 5.2 Statistical Methods; 5.2.1 Mann-Kendall Trend Test; 5.2.2 Kendall-Theil Slope Estimate; 5.2.3 Spearman℗þs Rank Correlation Coefficient; 5.3 Spatialization of Climatic Information; 5.4 Regional Climate Models; References; Chapter 6: Geographical and Synoptic Controls on the Climate; 6.1 Latitude; 6.2 Topography; 6.2.1 Altitude; 6.2.2 Slope Aspect; 6.2.3 Slope Angle; 6.2.4 Landforms; 6.3 Regional Atmospheric Circulation
7.3.5 Precipitation Absolute Records7.4 Wind; 7.4.1 Surface Wind Direction; 7.4.2 Surface Wind Speed; 7.4.3 Maximum Wind Speed; 7.4.4 Atmospheric Calm; 7.4.5 Local Winds; 7.5 Snowfall and Snowpack; 7.5.1 Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Related to Snowfall Events; 7.5.2 Snowfall Occurrence Interval; 7.5.3 Snowfall Frequency; 7.5.4 Snow Showers; 7.5.5 Snow Cover Interval; 7.5.6 Snow Depth; 7.5.7 Snow Water Equivalent; References; Chapter 8: Observed Variability and Trends from Instrumental Records; 8.1 Air Temperature; 8.2 Precipitation; 8.3 Wind; 8.4 Snowpack
8.5 Influence of Large-Scale CirculationReferences; Chapter 9: Changing Climate Extremes in the Last Five Decades (1961-2010); 9.1 Change in Air Temperature Extremes; 9.2 Change in Precipitation Extremes; 9.3 Change in Snow Extremes; References; Chapter 10: Projections of Future Changes in Climate of the Romanian Carpathians; References; Chapter 11: Conclusions; Index
3.5 Zonation of Vegetation and SoilsReferences; Chapter 4: Data; 4.1 Datasets; 4.2 Mountain Meteorological Network; References; Chapter 5: Methods; 5.1 Homogenization; 5.2 Statistical Methods; 5.2.1 Mann-Kendall Trend Test; 5.2.2 Kendall-Theil Slope Estimate; 5.2.3 Spearman℗þs Rank Correlation Coefficient; 5.3 Spatialization of Climatic Information; 5.4 Regional Climate Models; References; Chapter 6: Geographical and Synoptic Controls on the Climate; 6.1 Latitude; 6.2 Topography; 6.2.1 Altitude; 6.2.2 Slope Aspect; 6.2.3 Slope Angle; 6.2.4 Landforms; 6.3 Regional Atmospheric Circulation
7.3.5 Precipitation Absolute Records7.4 Wind; 7.4.1 Surface Wind Direction; 7.4.2 Surface Wind Speed; 7.4.3 Maximum Wind Speed; 7.4.4 Atmospheric Calm; 7.4.5 Local Winds; 7.5 Snowfall and Snowpack; 7.5.1 Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Related to Snowfall Events; 7.5.2 Snowfall Occurrence Interval; 7.5.3 Snowfall Frequency; 7.5.4 Snow Showers; 7.5.5 Snow Cover Interval; 7.5.6 Snow Depth; 7.5.7 Snow Water Equivalent; References; Chapter 8: Observed Variability and Trends from Instrumental Records; 8.1 Air Temperature; 8.2 Precipitation; 8.3 Wind; 8.4 Snowpack
8.5 Influence of Large-Scale CirculationReferences; Chapter 9: Changing Climate Extremes in the Last Five Decades (1961-2010); 9.1 Change in Air Temperature Extremes; 9.2 Change in Precipitation Extremes; 9.3 Change in Snow Extremes; References; Chapter 10: Projections of Future Changes in Climate of the Romanian Carpathians; References; Chapter 11: Conclusions; Index