Foreword; Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: Anatomy of the Lacrimal System; Embryology; Osteology; Nasal and Paranasal Sinuses; Secretory System; Lacrimal Gland and Accessory Glands; Excretory System; Lacrimal Drainage System; Lacrimal Pump; References; 2: Nasal Anatomy and Evaluation; Introduction; Osteology of the Medial Wall of the Orbit; The Orbit (Cavitas Orbitalis); Medial Wall (Paries Medialis); Lacrimal Fossa (Fossa Sacci Lacrimalis); The Lacrimal Bone; Nasolacrimal Canal (Canalis Nasolacrimalis); Inferior Orifice of the Nasolacrimal Canal (Ostium Canalis Nasolacrimalis)

Lateral Wall of the Nasal CavityThe Maxilla (Maxila); The Palatine Bone (Os Palatinum); The Ethmoid Bone (Os Ethmoidale); Nasal Septum (Septo Nasalis); The Inferior Turbinate (Concha Nasalis Inferior); Relationships and Landmarks; Blood and Nerve Supply; Evaluation; References; 3: Gender and Racial Variations of the Nasolacrimal System; Nasolacrimal Region Variations: Bony Anatomy; Nasolacrimal Canal Width and Length; Lacrimal and Maxillary Bone Thickness; Lacrimal Sac Fossa Relationship to Ethmoidal Sinus; Lacrimal Sac Fossa Relationship to Cribriform Plate

Lacrimal Region Variations: Soft TissueConclusion; References; 4: Congenital Etiologies of Lacrimal System Obstructions; Evaluation of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction; Congenital Obstructions of the Upper Nasolacrimal System; Abnormalities of the Puncta; Abnormalities of the Canalicular System; Supernumerary (Anlage) Ducts; Dacryoliths; Congenital Obstructions of the Lower Nasolacrimal System; Congenital Fistula of the Lacrimal Sac; Congenital Dacryocystocele; Congenital Intranasal Cyst; Congenital Dacryocystitis; Dacryostenosis; Facial Clefts; Conclusion; References

5: Acquired Etiologies of Lacrimal System ObstructionsLocation of Stenosis or Occlusion; Etiological Causes; Iatrogenic Obstruction; Mechanical; Medications; Radiation; References; 6: Tear Pump Function and Dysfunction; Additional Dysfunctions; Summary; References; 7: Clinical Evaluation and Imaging of Lacrimal Drainage Obstruction; Clinical Diagnosis; Clinical History; External Examination; Schirmer Tests; Rose Bengal Staining; Tear Breakup Time; Dye Disappearance Test; Primary Jones Dye Test; Secondary Jones Dye Test; Dacryomeniscometry; Probing; Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

Diagnostic UltrasonographyContrast Dacryocystography; Computed Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radionuclide Dacryoscintigraphy; Other Diagnostic Techniques; Percutaneous Contrast Dacryocystography; Chemiluminescence; Lacrimal Thermography; Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests; References; 8: Primary External Dacryocystorhinostomy; Indications for Surgery; Surgical Principles; Anaesthesia; Local Anaesthesia; Advantages of Local Anaesthesia; General Anaesthesia; Advantages of General Anaesthesia; Vasoconstriction and Haemostasis; Surgical Technique; Postoperative Care; Complications