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Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Endogenous DNA: Cell Fusion; 1: Anastomosis and℗ Heterokaryon Formation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Vegetative Fusion; 1.2.1 Germling Fusion; 1.2.2 Hyphal Fusion; 1.3 The Role of℗ Hyphal Fusion in℗ Colony Establishment and℗ Development; 1.4 Molecular Basis of℗ Anastomosis Formation; 1.4.1 The SO℗ Protein; 1.4.2 MAP Kinase Signaling; 1.4.3 ROS Signaling; 1.4.4 The STRIPAK Complex; 1.4.5 Calcium; 1.4.6 Other Factors; 1.4.7 Plasma Membrane Merger; 1.5 Applications of℗ Anastomosis Formation and Heterokaryons; 1.5.1 Genetic Analysis
1.5.2 Combination of℗ Strain Features in℗ Heterokaryons1.5.3 Heterokaryon Formation in℗ Biotechnological Applications; 1.6 Conclusion; References; 2: Induction of℗ the℗ Sexual Cycle in℗ Filamentous Ascomycetes; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Sexual Reproduction and℗ Breeding Systems in℗ Filamentous Ascomycete Fungi; 2.2.1 Use of℗ MAT Genes as℗ Diagnostic Tools for℗ Induction of℗ a℗ Sexual Cycle; 2.3 Methods to℗ Induce Sexual Reproduction in℗ Filamentous Fungi; 2.4 Materials; 2.4.1 Solutions; 2.4.2 Agar Media Inducing Sexual Reproduction; 2.5 Methods; 2.5.1 Strain Selection; 2.5.1.1 Identification
2.5.1.2 Origin of℗ Strains2.5.1.3 Strain Typing; 2.5.2 Detection of℗ MAT Genes; 2.5.3 Agar Media; 2.5.4 Incubation Conditions; 2.5.5 Inoculations; 2.5.5.1 Barrage Zone Method; 2.5.5.2 Mixed Culture Method; 2.5.5.3 Fertilization Method; 2.5.6 Single Ascospore Cultures; 2.5.6.1 Direct Isolation; 2.5.6.2 Heat Treatment; 2.5.6.3 Ejected Ascospores; 2.5.6.4 Isolation from℗ Sclerotial Fruiting Bodies; 2.5.7 Analysis of℗ Progeny; 2.6 Utilization of℗ the℗ Sexual Cycle as℗ a℗ Tool for℗ Gene Identification and℗ Manipulation; 2.6.1 Genetics of℗ Traits of℗ Interest and℗ Gene Identification
2.6.2 Gene Manipulation by Sexual Reproduction: Strain Improvement and℗ Gene Complementation2.7 Conclusions and℗ Outlook; References; 3: What Have We℗ Learned by Doing Transformations in℗ Neurospora tetrasperma?; 3.1 Introduction to℗ Neurospora tetrasperma and℗ Comparison with℗ N. crassa; 3.2 An ERG-3 Mutant Enables Transformation of℗ N. tetrasperma; 3.3 Screening for℗ RIP-Defective Mutants in℗ N.℗ tetrasperma; 3.4 Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA in℗ N. tetrasperma; 3.5 Conclusions and℗ Future Prospects; References; Part II: Endogenous DNA: Repetitive Elements
4: Repeat-Induced Point Mutation: A℗ Fungal-Specific, Endogenous Mutagenesis Process4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Observations of℗ RIP in℗ Neurospora crassa; 4.1.2 The Taxonomic Range of℗ RIP; 4.1.3 The Molecular Machinery of℗ RIP; 4.1.4 Regional Variability of℗ RIP-℗ƯActivity Across the℗ Fungal Genome; 4.1.5 Variability of℗ RIP-Activity Between Fungal Species and℗ Isolates; 4.2 Rip and℗ Methylation; 4.2.1 5-Methylcytosine DNA-Methylation; 4.2.2 RNA-Directed DNA-Methylation; 4.3 Rip Is Both a℗ Driver and℗ Antagonist of℗ Genome Diversity; 4.3.1 RIP Control of℗ Gene Family Expansion
1.5.2 Combination of℗ Strain Features in℗ Heterokaryons1.5.3 Heterokaryon Formation in℗ Biotechnological Applications; 1.6 Conclusion; References; 2: Induction of℗ the℗ Sexual Cycle in℗ Filamentous Ascomycetes; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Sexual Reproduction and℗ Breeding Systems in℗ Filamentous Ascomycete Fungi; 2.2.1 Use of℗ MAT Genes as℗ Diagnostic Tools for℗ Induction of℗ a℗ Sexual Cycle; 2.3 Methods to℗ Induce Sexual Reproduction in℗ Filamentous Fungi; 2.4 Materials; 2.4.1 Solutions; 2.4.2 Agar Media Inducing Sexual Reproduction; 2.5 Methods; 2.5.1 Strain Selection; 2.5.1.1 Identification
2.5.1.2 Origin of℗ Strains2.5.1.3 Strain Typing; 2.5.2 Detection of℗ MAT Genes; 2.5.3 Agar Media; 2.5.4 Incubation Conditions; 2.5.5 Inoculations; 2.5.5.1 Barrage Zone Method; 2.5.5.2 Mixed Culture Method; 2.5.5.3 Fertilization Method; 2.5.6 Single Ascospore Cultures; 2.5.6.1 Direct Isolation; 2.5.6.2 Heat Treatment; 2.5.6.3 Ejected Ascospores; 2.5.6.4 Isolation from℗ Sclerotial Fruiting Bodies; 2.5.7 Analysis of℗ Progeny; 2.6 Utilization of℗ the℗ Sexual Cycle as℗ a℗ Tool for℗ Gene Identification and℗ Manipulation; 2.6.1 Genetics of℗ Traits of℗ Interest and℗ Gene Identification
2.6.2 Gene Manipulation by Sexual Reproduction: Strain Improvement and℗ Gene Complementation2.7 Conclusions and℗ Outlook; References; 3: What Have We℗ Learned by Doing Transformations in℗ Neurospora tetrasperma?; 3.1 Introduction to℗ Neurospora tetrasperma and℗ Comparison with℗ N. crassa; 3.2 An ERG-3 Mutant Enables Transformation of℗ N. tetrasperma; 3.3 Screening for℗ RIP-Defective Mutants in℗ N.℗ tetrasperma; 3.4 Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA in℗ N. tetrasperma; 3.5 Conclusions and℗ Future Prospects; References; Part II: Endogenous DNA: Repetitive Elements
4: Repeat-Induced Point Mutation: A℗ Fungal-Specific, Endogenous Mutagenesis Process4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Observations of℗ RIP in℗ Neurospora crassa; 4.1.2 The Taxonomic Range of℗ RIP; 4.1.3 The Molecular Machinery of℗ RIP; 4.1.4 Regional Variability of℗ RIP-℗ƯActivity Across the℗ Fungal Genome; 4.1.5 Variability of℗ RIP-Activity Between Fungal Species and℗ Isolates; 4.2 Rip and℗ Methylation; 4.2.1 5-Methylcytosine DNA-Methylation; 4.2.2 RNA-Directed DNA-Methylation; 4.3 Rip Is Both a℗ Driver and℗ Antagonist of℗ Genome Diversity; 4.3.1 RIP Control of℗ Gene Family Expansion